Abstract
Acidification and, to a lesser extent, alkalinization occur in all soils. That they do so indicates these reactions are of great importance because they affect such vital ecological processes as the solubility and exchange reactions of inorganic nutrients and toxic metals, the activities of soil animals and microorganisms, and the weathering of soil minerals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrahamsen G. 1980a. Impact of atmospheric sulphur deposition on forest ecosystems. In Shriner D.S., Richmond C.R., Lindberg S.E. (eds.) Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 397 – 415
Abrahamsen G. 1980b. Acid precipitation, plant nutrients and forest growth. In Drabløs D., Tollan A. (eds.) Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation. SNSF Project, Oslo- Ås, Norway, pp. 58 – 63
Abrahamsen G. 1983a. Effects of lime and artificial acid rain on the enchytraeid (Oligochaeta) fauna in coniferous forest. Holarct. Ecol. 6: 247 – 254
Abrahamsen G. 1983b. Sulphur pollution: Ca, Mg and Al in soil and soil water and possible effects on forest trees. In Ulrich B., Pankrath J. (eds.) Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 207 – 218
Abrahamsen G. 1984. Effects of acidic deposition on forest soil and vegetation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305: 369 – 382
Abrahamsen G. 1987. Air pollution and soil acidification. In Hutchinson T.C., Meema K.M. (eds.) Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 321 – 331
Abrahamsen G., Bjor K., Teigen O. 1976. Field Experiments with Simulated Acid Rain in Forest Ecosystems. SNSF Project FR 4/76, Oslo-Ã…s, Norway
Abrahamsen G., Tveite B., Stuanes A.O. 1987. Wet acid deposition effects on soil properties in relation to forest growth. Exprimental results. In Lavender D.P. (ed.) Woody Plant Growth in a Changing Physical and Chemical Environment, Proceedings of the workshop of IUFRO working party on Shoot Growth Physiology (S2.01–11), Vancouver, Canada, pp. 189 – 197
Abrahamsen G., Seip H.M., Semb A. 1989. Long-term acidic precipitation studies in Norway. In Adriano D.C., Havas M. (eds.) Acidic Precipitation, Vol. 1. Case Studies, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 138 – 179
Billett M.F., FitzPatrick E.A., Cesser M.S. 1988. Long-term changes in the acidity of forest soils in north-east Scotland. Soil Use Manage. 4: 102 – 107
Binkley D. 1981. Nodule biomass and acetylene reduction rates of red alder and Sitka alder on Vancouver Island, B.C. Can. J. For. Res. 11: 281 – 286
Brown K.A. 1987. Chemical effects of pH 3 sulphuric acid on a soil profile. Water Air Soil Pollut. 32: 201 – 218
Cole D.W. 1968. A system for measuring conductivity, acidity and rate flow in a forest soil. Water Resour. Res. 4: 1127 – 1136
Cole D.W. 1985. Integrated Forest Study of Effects of Atmospheric Deposition. Investigation at Thompson Research Center and Findley Lake. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle
Cole D.W., Gessel S.P., Turner J. 1978. Comparative mineral cycling in red alder and Douglas-fir. In Briggs D.G. (ed.) Utilization and Management of Alder. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-70, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 327 – 336
Cronan C.S., Aiken G.R. 1985. Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49: 1697 – 1705
David M.B., Vance G.F., Rissing J.M., Stevenson F.J. 1989. Organic carbon fractions in extracts of O and B horizons from a New England Spodosol: effects of acid treatment. J. Environ. Qual. 18: 212 – 217
DeBell D.S., Radwan M.A. 1979. Growth and nitrogen relations of coppiced black cottonwood and red alder in pure and mixed plantings. Bot. Gaz. 140:5102– 5107
Eldhuset T.D. 1988. Effects of aluminium on vascular plants at low pH: a literature survey. Medd. Nor. Inst. Skogforsk. 40. 8: 1–19 (in Norwegian)
Evans A. Jr., Zelazny L.M., Zipper C.E. 1988. Solution parameters influencing dissolved organic carbon levels in three forest soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:1789– 1792
Falkengren-Grerup U. 1987. Long-term changes in pH of forest soils in Southern Sweden. Environ. Pollut. 43: 79 – 90
Frank J. 1989. Acidification of soils caused by the planting of Norway spruce (Picea abies) on former birch (.Betula pubescens) forests in West Norway. In Barth H. (ed.) Effects of Land Use in Catchments on the Acidity and Ecology of Natural Surface Waters. Air Pollution Research Report 13, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, pp. 18 – 25
Franklin J.F., Dyrness C.T., Moore D.G., Tarrant R.F. 1968. Chemical soil properties under coastal Oregon stands of alder and conifers. In Trappe J.M. (ed.) Biology of Alder. USDA Pacific Northwest Forest Range Experimental Station, Portland, Oregon, pp. 157 – 172
Hauhs M., Wright R.F. 1988. Acid Deposition: Reversibility of Soil and Water Acidification—A Review. Air Pollution Research Report 11, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg
Holstener-Jørgensen H., Krag M., Olsen H.C. 1988. The influence of 12 tree species on the acidification of the upper soil horizons. Forst. Forsøgsvæs. Dan. 42: 15 – 25
Ho viand J., Abrahamsen G. 1976. Acidification Experiments in Conifer Forest. I. Studies on Decomposition of Cellulose and Wood Material. SNSF Project IR 27/ 76, Oslo-Ã…s, Norway (in Norwegian)
Hågvar S. 1980. Effects of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 7. Soil animals. In Drabløs D., Tollan A. (eds.) Ecological Impact of acid precipitation. SNSF Project, Oslo-Ås, Norway, pp. 202 – 203
Hågvar S. 1984. Effects of liming and artificial acid rain on Collembola and Protura in coniferous forest. Pedobiologia 27: 341 – 354
Hågvar S., Abrahamsen G. 1980. Colonisation by Enchytraeidae, Collembola and Acari in sterile soil samples with adjusted pH levels. Oikos 34: 245 – 258
Hågvar S., Amundsen T. 1981. Effects of liming and artificial rain on the mite (Acari) fauna in coniferous forest. Oikos 37: 7 – 20
Johnson D.W. 1981. Effects of acid precipitation on elemental transport from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. In Fozzolare R.A., Smith C.B. (eds.) Beyond the Energy Crisis—Opportunity and Challenge, Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 539 – 545
Johnson D.W., Cole D.W., Gessel S.P., Singer M.J., Minden R.V. 1977. Carbonic acid leaching in a tropical, temperate, subalpine and northern forest soil. Arct. Alp. Res. 9: 329 – 343
Johnson D.W., Cole D.W., Horng F.W., Van Miegroet H., Todd D.E. 1981. Chemical Characteristics of Two Ultisols and Two Forested Inceptisols Relevant to Anion Production and Mobility. Publication 1670, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Krug E.C., Frink C.R. 1983. Acid rain on acid soil: A new perspective. Science 221: 520 – 525
Lee J.J., Weber D.E. 1982. Effects of sulfuric acid rain on major cation and sulfate concentrations of water percolating through two model hardwood forests. J. Environ. Qual. 11: 57 – 64
Liljelund L.-E., Nilsson I., Andersson I. 1986. Traslagsvalets betydelse för mark och vatten. En litteraturstudie med speciell referens till luftföroreningar och försurning. Rapport 3182, Statens naturvårdsverk. Solna, Sweden (summary in English)
Matzner E., Ulrich B. 1984. Rates of deposition, internal production, and turnover of protons in two forest ecosystems. Z. Pfianzenernahr. Bodenkd. 147: 290 – 308
Mollitor A.V., Raynal D.J. 1982. Acid precipitation and ionic movements in Adirondack forest soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46: 137 – 141
Ogner G., Haugen A., Opem M., Sjøtveit G., Sørlie B. 1984. The chemical analysis program at the Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1984. Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Ås, Norway
Sohet K., Herbauts J., Gruber W. 1988. Changes caused by Norway spruce in an ochreous brown earth, assessed by the isoquartz method. J. Soil Sci. 39: 549 – 561
Stoner J.H. (ed.) 1987. Llyn Brianne acid waters project. An investigation into the effects of afforestation and management on stream acidity. First technical summary report, Welsh Water Authority, Dyfed
Stuanes A.O. 1980. Effects of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 5. Release and loss of nutrients from a Norwegian forest soil due to artificial rain of varying acidity. In Drabløs D., Tollan A. (eds.) Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, SNSF Project, Oslo-Ås, Norway, pp. 198 – 199
Stuanes A., Sveistrup T.E. 1979. Field Experiments with Simulated Acid Rain in Forest Ecosystems. 2. Description and Classification of the Soils Used in Field, Lysimeter and Laboratory Experiments. SNSF Project FR 15/79, Oslo-Ã…s, Norway
Stuanes A.O., Abrahamsen G., Tveite B. 1988. Effect of artificial rain on soil chemical properties and forest growth. In Mathy P. (ed.) Stuanes A.O., Abrahamsen G., Tveite B, pp. 248 – 253, Kluwer Academic Publishers
Stuanes A.O., Ogner G., Opem M. 1984. Ammonium nitrate as extractant for soil exchangeable cations, exchangeable acidity and aluminum. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15: 773 – 778
Tamm C.O., Hallbacken L. 1986. Changes in soil pH over a 50-yr period under different forest canopies in SW Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut. 31: 337 – 341
Tamm C.O., Popovic B. 1989. Acidification Experiments in Pine Forest. Report 3589, National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, Solna, Sweden
Tveite B. 1980a. Effects of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 8. Foliar nutrient concentrations in field experiments. In Drabløs D., Tollan A. (eds.) Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, SNSF Project, Oslo-Ås, Norway, pp. 204 – 205
Tveite B. 1980b. Effects of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 9. Tree growth in field experiments. In Drabløs D., Tollan A. (eds.) Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, SNSF Project, Oslo-Ås, Norway, pp. 206 – 207
Tveite B., Abrahamsen G. 1980. Effects of artificial acid rain on the growth and nutrient status of trees. In Hutchinson T.C., Havas M. (eds.) Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Plenum, New York, pp. 305 – 318
Tveite B., Abrahamsen G., Stuanes A.O. 1990/91. Liming and wet acid deposition effects on tree growth and nutrition. Experimental results. Water Air Soil Pollut. 54:409–422
Ugolini F.C., Minden R., Dawson H., Zachara J. 1977. An example of soil processes in the Abies Amabilis zone of the central Cascades, Washington. Soil Sci. 124: 291 – 302
Van Miegroet H. 1986. Role of N Status and N Transformations in H+ Budget, Cation Loss and S Retention Mechanisms in Adjacent Douglas-fir and Red Alder Forests. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle
Van Miegroet H., Cole D.W. 1984. The impact of nitrification on soil acidification and cation leaching in a red alder ecosystem. J. Environ. Qual. 13: 586 – 590
Van Miegroet H., Cole D.W. 1985. Acidification sources in red alder and Douglas- fir soils—Importance of nitrification. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: 1274 – 1279
Van Miegroet H., Cole D.W. 1988. Influence of nitrogen-fixing alder on acidification and cation leaching in a forest soil. In Cole D.W., Gessel S.P. (eds.) Forest Site Evaluation and Long-Term Productivity. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp. 113 – 124
Van Miegroet H., Cole D.W., Homann P.S. 1989a. The effect of alder forest cover and alder forest conversion on site fertility and productivity. In Gessel S.P., Lacate D.S., Weetman G.S., Powers R.F. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th North America Forest Soils Conference. Forestry Publications, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 333 – 354
Van Miegroet H., Cole D.W., Binkley D., Sollins P. 1989b. The effect of nitrogen accumulation and nitrification on soil chemical properties in alder forests. In Olsen R.K., Lefohn A.S. (eds.) Effects of Air Pollution on Western Forests. APCA Transaction Series No. 16, Pittsburg, pp. 515 – 528
Wiklander L. 1976. The influence of anions on adsorption and leaching of cations in soils. Grundforbattring 27: 125 – 135
Zavitkovski J., Newton M. 1968. Effect of organic matter and combined nitrogen on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in red alder. In Trappe J.M. (ed.) Biology of Alder. USD A Pacific Northwest Forest Range Experimental Station, Portland, Oregon, pp. 209 – 221
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stuanes, A.O., Van Miegroet, H., Cole, D.W., Abrahamsen, G. (1992). Recovery from Acidification. In: Johnson, D.W., Lindberg, S.E. (eds) Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling. Ecological Studies, vol 91. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2806-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2806-6_12
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-97632-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2806-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive