Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Serono Symposia USA ((SERONOSYMP))

Abstract

Although we have gained a great deal of knowledge regarding endocrine events leading up to and culminating in blastocyst implantation in several species of laboratory rodents, the rabbit, and a few domesticated ungulates, our knowledge of the endocrine events leading to implantation in carnivores is less complete. One group of carnivores, the mustelids, has received more attention than others because many members of the weasel family exhibit an obligate delay of implantation. This differs from the facultative delay of implantation that occurs in rodents in that it is not induced by lactation. This chapter reviews what is known about the changes in the uterus and blastocysts and some of the endocrine changes that may be responsible for influencing uterine receptivity in two members of this group: the western spotted skunk, which has a prolonged period of embryonic diapause, and the ferret, which does not delay blastocyst implantation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mead RA. Reproduction in western forms of the spotted skunk (genus Spilogale). J Mammal 1968; 49: 373–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mead RA, Eik-Nes KB. Seasonal variation in plasma levels of progesterone in western forms of the spotted skunk. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1969; 6: 397403.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sinha AA, Mead RA. Ultrastructural changes in granulosa lutein cells and progesterone levels during preimplantation, implantation, and early placentation in the western spotted skunk. Cell Tissue Res 1975; 164: 179–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Enders AC, Schlafke S, Hubbard NE, Mead RA. Morphologic changes in the blastocyst of the western spotted skunk during activation from delayed implantation. Biol Reprod 1986; 34: 423–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mead RA, Rourke AW. Accumulation of RNA in blastocysts during embryonic diapause and the periimplantation period in the western spotted skunk. J Exp Zool 1985; 235: 65–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rourke AW, Mead RA. Blastocyst protein synthesis during obligate delay of implantation and embryo activation in the western spotted skunk. J Exp Zool 1982; 221: 87–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Mead RA. Effects of light and blinding upon delayed implantation in the spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1971; 5: 214–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sinha A, Mead RA. Morphological changes in the trophoblast, uterus and corpus luteum during delayed implantation and implantation in the western spotted skunk. Am J Anat 1976; 145: 331–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Given RL, Enders AC. The endometrium of delayed and early implantation. In: Wynn RM, Jollie WP, eds. Biology of the uterus. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1989: 175–231.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mead RA, Rourke AW, Swannack A. Changes in uterine protein synthesis during delayed implantation in the western spotted skunk and its regulation by hormones. Biol Reprod 1979; 21: 39–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fazleabas AT, Mead RA, Rourke AW, Roberts RM. Presence of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator in uterine fluid of the western spotted skunk during delayed implantation. Biol Reprod 1984; 30: 311–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kaplan JB, Berria M, Mead RA. Effects of melatonin and lesions to the anterior hypothalamus on seasonal changes in prolactin in the spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1990; 42 (suppl 1): 154.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Berria M, Joseph MM, Mead RA. Role of prolactin and luteinizing hormone in regulating timing of implantation in the spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1989; 40: 232–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ravindra R, Mead RA. Plasma estrogen levels during pregnancy in the western spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1984; 30: 1153–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mondain-Monval M, Bonnin M, Canivenc R, Scholler R. Plasma estrogen levels during delayed implantation in the European badger (Meles meles L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 41: 143–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pilbeam T, Concannon P, Travis H. The annual reproductive cycle of mink. J Anim Sci 1979; 48: 578–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Palmer SS, Nelson RA, Ramsay MA, Stirling I, Bahr JM. Annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black (Ursus americanus) and polar (Ursus maritimus) bears. Biol Reprod 1988; 38: 1044–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Stoufflet I, Mondain-Monval M, Simon P, Martinet L. Patterns of plasma progesterone, androgen and oestrogen concentrations and in-vitro ovarian steroidogenesis during embryonic diapause and implantation in the mink (Mustela vison). J Reprod Fertil 1989; 87: 209–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mead RA. Effects of hypophysectomy on blastocyst survival, progesterone secretion and nidation in the spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1975; 12: 526–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Shelden RM. The fate of the short-tailed weasel, Mustela erminea, blastocysts following ovariectomy during diapause. J Reprod Fertil 1972; 31: 347–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Murphy BD, Concannon PW, Travis HF. Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on gestation in mink. J Reprod Fertil 1982; 66: 491–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mead RA, Concannon PW, McRae M. Effect of progestins on implantation in the western spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1981; 25: 128–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mead RA. Delayed implantation in the mustelidae with special emphasis on the spotted skunk. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1981; 29: 11–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mead RA. Role of the corpus luteum in controlling implantation in mustelid carnivores. Ann NY Acad Sci 1986; 476: 25–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mead RA, Swannack A. Effects of hysterectomy on luteal function in the western spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons). Biol Reprod 1978; 18: 379–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Paria BC, Das SK, Mead RA, Dey SK. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the preimplantation uterus and blastocyst of the western spotted skunk. Biol Reprod 1994; 51: 205–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Paria BC, Dey SK. Preimplantation embryo development in vitro: cooperative interactions among embryos and role of growth factors. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 4756–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Loose-Mitchell DS, Chiappetta C, Gardner RM, et al. Growth factor, oncogene, and steroidal interactions in the regulation of uterine growth and function. In: Krey LC, Gulyas BJ, McCracken JA, eds. Autocrine and paracrine mechanisms in reproductive endocrinology. New York: Plenum Press, 1989: 97–113.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tomooka Y, Di Augustine RP, McLachlan JA. Proliferation of mouse uterine epithelial cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 1011–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bhargava G, Rifas L, Makman MH. Presence of epidermal growth factor receptors and influence of epidermal growth factor on proliferation and aging in cultured smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 1979; 100: 365–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mukku VR, Stancel GM. Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors by estrogen. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 9820–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Das SK, Tsukamura H, Paria BC, Andrews GK, Dey SK. Differential expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) gene and regulation of EGF-R bioactivity by progesterone and estrogen in the adult mouse uterus. Endocrinology 1994; 134: 971–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mukku VR. Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor levels by thyroid hormone. J Biol Chem 1984; 259: 6543–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Papke RL, Concannon PW, Travis HF, Hansel W. Control of luteal function and implantation in the mink by prolactin. J Anim Sci 1980; 50: 1102–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Martinet L, Allais C, Allain D. The role of prolactin and LH in luteal function and blastocyst growth in mink (Mustela vison). J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1981; 29: 119–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Murphy BD, Concannon PW, Travis HF, Hansel W. Prolactin: the hypophyseal factor that terminates embryonic diapause in mink. Biol Reprod 1981; 25: 487–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Murphy BD. The role of prolactin in implantation and luteal maintenance in the ferret. Biol Reprod 1979; 21: 517–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Agu GO, Rajkumar K, Murphy BD. Evidence for dopaminergic regulation of prolactin and a luteotropic complex in the ferret. Biol Reprod 1986; 35: 508–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Murphy BD, Rajkumar K, Reyna AG, Silversides DW. Control of luteal function in the mink. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1993; 47: 181–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rose J, Stormshak F, Adair J, Oldfield JE. Prolactin binding sites in the uterus of the mink. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1983; 31: 131–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rose J, Oldfield JE, Stormshak F. Changes in serum prolactin concentrations and ovarian prolactin receptors during embryonic diapause in mink. Biol Reprod 1986; 34: 101–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rose J, Huang JL, Mead RA. Role of ovarian steroids in development of uterine binding sites for prolactin in the ferret. Biol Reprod 1993; 48: 1266–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hammond J, Walton A. Notes on ovulation and fertilization in the ferret. J Exp Biol 1934; 11: 307–19.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Carroll RS, Erskine MS, Doherty PC, Lundell LA, Baum MJ. Coital stimuli controlling luteinizing hormone secretion and ovulation in the female ferret. Biol Reprod 1985; 32: 925–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Robinson A. The formation, rupture and closure of ovarian follicles in ferrets and ferret-polecat hybrids and some associated phenomena. Trans R Soc Edin 1918; 52: 303–62.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Enders AC, Schlafke S. Implantation in the ferret: epithelial penetration. Am J Anat 1972; 133: 291–316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. McRae AC. Effect of ovariectomy on blastocyst expansion and survival in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Reprod Fertil Dev 1992; 4: 239–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mead RA, Bremner S, Murphy BD. Changes in endometrial vascular permeability during the periimplantation period in the ferret (Mustela putorius). J Reprod Fertil 1988; 82: 293–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wu JT, Chang MC. Effects of progesterone and estrogen on the fate of blastocysts in ovariectomized pregnant ferrets: a preliminary study. Biol Reprod 1972; 7: 231–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wu JT, Chang MC. Hormonal requirement for implantation and embryonic development in the ferret. Biol Reprod 1973; 9: 350–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Foresman KR, Mead RA. Luteal control of nidation in the ferret (Mustela putorius). Biol Reprod 1978; 18: 490–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Murphy BD, Mead RA, McKibbin PE. Luteal contribution to the termination of preimplantation delay in mink. Biol Reprod 1983; 28: 497–503.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kintner PJ, Mead RA. Steroid metabolism in the corpus luteum of the ferret. Biol Reprod 1983; 29: 1121–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ravindra R, Bhatia K, Mead RA. Steroid metabolism in corpora lutea of the western spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons). J Reprod Fertil 1984; 72: 495–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mead RA, McRae M. Is estrogen required for implantation in the ferret? Biol Reprod 1982; 27: 540–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mead RA, Swannack A. Aromatase activity in corpora lutea of the ferret. Biol Reprod 1980; 22: 560–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Murphy BD, Mead RA. Effects of antibodies to oestrogens on implantation in ferrets. J Reprod Fertil 1976; 46: 261–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Mead RA, Joseph MM, Neirinckx S, Berria M. Partial characterization of a luteal factor that induces implantation in the ferret. Biol Reprod 1988; 38: 798–803.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Huang JL, Powell M, Mead RA. Luteal protein secretion during preimplantation in the ferret. Biol Reprod 1993; 48: 647–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Smith MF, Moor RM. Secretion of a putative metalloproteinase inhibitor by ovine granulosa cells and luteal tissue. J Reprod Fertil 1991; 91: 627–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Smith GW, Moor RM, Smith MF. Identification of a 30,000 Mr polypeptide secreted by cultured ovine granulosa cells and luteal tissue as a luteal inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Biol Reprod 1993; 48: 125–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Satoh T, Kobayashi K, Yamashita S, Kikuchi M, Sendai Y, Hoshi H. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) produced by granulosa and oviduct cells enhances in vitro development of bovine embryo. Biol Reprod 1994; 50: 835–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Vevea D. In vitro secretion of proteins and progesterone from corpora lutea of the western spotted skunk [MS thesis]. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mead, R.A. (1995). Hormonal Control of Implantation in Some Carnivores. In: Dey, S.K. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Periimplantation Processes. Serono Symposia USA. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2548-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2548-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7575-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2548-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics