Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of some active control problems for an external flow field. A series of numerical simulations are performed to investigate an unsteady viscous flow generated by a circular cylinder undergoing a combined rotary and rectilinear motion. By treating the rotation rate as a control variable, we present results of the time histories of forces acting on the cylinder surface and their time-averaged values under several types of rotations. The impact of changing rotation rate on the vortex formation, including the synchronization of cylinder and wake, is demonstrated. Based on the optimal control theory, an optimality system is formulated to determine the optimal rotation rates and the solution orbits. Though only the moving boundary mechanism is discussed, the results presented here add insight to the optimal design of control mechanism and may provide guidance to the formulation of other complex optimal flow control problems.
AMS(MOS) subject classifications. 76D05, 49120, 93C20.
This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Grant F-49620-92-J-0078. The author gratefully acknowledges Professors John Burns and S.S. Sritharan for many valuable discussions on various aspects of this project. Thanks are also due to Dr. M. Coutanceau for providing the experimental results.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. Abergel and R. Temam, On some control problems in fluid mechanics, Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics, 1 (1990), pp. 303–325.
H. M. Badr, M. Coutanceau, S. C. R. Dennis and C. Ménard, Unsteady flow past a rotating circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers 103 and 104, J. Fluid Mech., 220 (1990), pp. 459–484.
H. M. Badr and S. C. R. Dennis, Time-dependent viscous flow past an impulsively started rotating and translating circular cylinder, J. Fluid Mech., 158 (1985), pp. 447–488.
J. A. Burns and S. Kang, A control problem for Burgers’ equation with bounded input/output, Nonlinear Dynamics, 2 (1991), pp. 235–262.
J. A. Burns and Y.-R. Ou, Effect of rotation rate on the forces of a rotating cylinder: simulation and control, submitted to Phys. fluids A, (1993).
C.-C. Chang and R.-L. Chern, Vortex shedding from an impulsively started rotating and translating cylinder, J. Fluid Mech., 235 (1992), pp. 265–298.
Y.-M. Chen, Numerical Simulation of the Unsteady Two-dimensional Flow in a Time-dependent Doubly-connected Domain, PhD thesis, University of Arizona, 1989.
Y.-M. Chen and Y.-R. Ou and A. J. Pealstein, Development of the wake behind a circular cylinder impulsively started into rotatory and rectilinear motion: intermediate rotation rates. ICASE Report 91-10 (1991), J. Fluid Mech., 253 (1993), pp. 449–484.
M. Coutanceau and C. Ménard, Influence of rotation on the near-wake development behind an impulsively started circular cylinder; J. Fluid Mech., 158 (1985), pp. 399–446.
H. Fattorini and S. S. Sritharan, Existence of optimal controls for viscous flow problems, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 439 (1992), pp. 81–102.
M. Gad-el-Hak, Flow control, Appl. Mech. Rev., 42 (1989), pp. 261–293.
M. D. Gunzburger, L. S. Hou and T. P. Svobodny, Numerical approximation of an optimal control problem associated with the Navier-Stokes equations, Appl. Math. Lett., 2 (1989), pp. 29–31.
—, Analysis and finite element approximation of optimal control problems for stationary Navier-Stokes equations with distributed and Neuman controls, Mathematics of Computations, 57 (1991), pp. 123–151.
—, Boundary velocity control of incompressible flow with an application to viscous drag reduction, SIAM J. Control and Optim., 30 (1992), pp. 167–181.
W. B. Herbst, Supermaneuverability, Workshop on Unsteady Separated Flow, Sponsored by AFOSR, FJSRL, U. of Colorado (1983).
A. Jameson, Automatic design of transonic airfoil to reduce the shock induced pressure drag, the 31st Israel Annual Conference on Aviation and Aeronautics, (1990).
S. Kang And K. Ito, A control problem for fluid flow, Proc. 31st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Tucson, AZ (1992), pp. 3393–3398.
C. A. Koromilas and D. P. Telionis, Unsteady laminar separation: an experimental study, J. Fluid Mech., 97 (1980), pp 347–384.
J. Mo, An Investigation on the Wake of a Cylinder with Rotational Oscillations, PhD thesis, U. of Tennessee Space Institute 1989.
V. J. Modi, F. Mokhtarian and T. Yokomizo, Effect of moving surfaces on the airfoil boundary-layer control, J. Aircraft., 27 (1990), pp 42–50.
Y.-R. Ou, Control of oscillatory forces on a circular cylinder by rotation, Proc. 4th International Symposium CFD, U. of California. Davis, CA (1991), pp. 897–902.
—, Active flow control relative to a rotating cylinder, Proc. 31st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Tucson, AZ (1992), pp. 3399–3404.
—, Active control of exterior hydrodynamics–computational results, to appear in Optimal Control of Viscous Flow, SIAM Frontiers in Applied Mathematics, ed. S.S. Sritharan, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 1993.
Y.-R. Ou and J. A. Burns, Optimal Control of lift/drag ratios on a rotating cylinder, Appl. Math. Lett., 5 (1992), pp. 57–62.
D. S. Park, D. M. Ladd, E. Hendricks, Feedback control of Kármán vortex shedding, Symposium on Active Control of Noise and Vibration, ASME Winter Annual Meering, Anaheim, CA (1992).
L. Prandtl, Über flüssigkeitsbewegung bei sehr kleiner reiburg, Proc. 3rd Int. Math. Congr, Heidelberg, Germany (1904), pp. 484–491.
—, The Magnus effect and windpowered ships, Naturwissenschaften, 13 (1925), pp. 93–108.
T. Sarpkaya, Vortex-induced oscillations, J. Appl. Mech., 46 (1979), pp.241–258.
S. S. Sritharan, Invariant Manifold Theory for Hydrodynamic Transition, Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics Series 241, (1990).
—, Dynamic programming of the Navier-Stokes equations, Systems and Control Letters, 16 (1991), pp. 299–307.
—, An optimal control problem in exterior hydrodynamics, Proc. of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 121A (1992), pp. 5–32.
S. S. Sritharan, Y.-R. Ou, J. A. Burns, D. Park, D. Ladd, E. Hendrick and N. Nossier, Optimal control of viscous flow past a cylinder: mathematical theory, computation and experiment,, to be published (1992).
W. M. Swanson, The Magnus effect: a summary of investigations to date, ASME J. Basic Engrg., 83 (1961), pp. 461–470.
S. Taneda, Visual study of unsteady separated flows around bodies, Prog. Aero. Sci., 17 (1977) pp. 287–348.
—, Visual observations of the flow past a circular cylinder performing a rotatory oscillation, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 45 (1978), pp. 1038–1043.
P. T. Tokumaru and P. E. Dimotakis, Rotary oscillation control of a cylinder wake, J. Fluid Mech., 224 (1991), pp. 77–90.
A. Wambecq, Rational Runge-Kutta methods for solving systems of ordinary differential equations, Computing, 20 (1978), pp. 333–342.
C.H. K. Williamson, Sinusoidal flow relative to circular cylinders, J. Fluid Mech., 155 (1985) pp. 141–174.
—, Defining a universal and continuous Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship for the laminar vortex shedding of a circular cylinder, Phys. Fluids, 31 (1988), pp. 2742–2744.
C. H. K. Williamson and A. Roshko, Vortex formation in the wake of an oscillating cylinder, J. Fluids and Structures, 2 (1988), pp. 355–381.
J. C. Wu And J. F. Thompson, Numerical solutions of time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using an integral-differential formulation, Computers & Fluids, 1 (1973), pp. 197–215.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ou, YR. (1995). Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation in External Flow Control. In: Gunzburger, M.D. (eds) Flow Control. The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, vol 68. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2526-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2526-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7569-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2526-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive