Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Warm-Blood Cardioplegia and Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass

  • Chapter
Cardiopulmonary Bypass

  • 401 Accesses

Abstract

Warm-blood cardioplegia represents an emerging and evolving technique in cardiac surgery, whose proponents claim it provides a remarkable improvement in myocardial protection.1–6 These claims have been corroborated by researchers7,8 and have led to an unusual interest in continuous warm-blood cardioplegia in recent years. For this reason, a special section of this text is devoted to warm-blood cardioplegia as a topic of particular current interest.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Panos A, Cristakis GT, Lichtenstein SV, et al. Operation for acute postinfarction mitral insufficiency using continuous oxygenated blood cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1989; 48: 816–819.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lichtenstein SV, Salerno TA, Slutsky AS. Warm continuous cardioplegia versus intermittent hypothermic protection during cardiopulmonary bypass. Pro: warm continouous cardioplegia is preferable to intermittent hypothermic cardioplegia for myocardial protution during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Anesth 1990; 4: 279–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lichtenstein SV, Ashe KA, El-Daliti H, et al. Warm heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 101: 269–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Salerno TA, Houck JP, Barrozo CAM, et al. Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia: a new concept in myocardial protection. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 51: 1023–1025.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lichtenstein SV, Able JG, Salerno TA. Warm heart surgery and results of operation for recent myocardial infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52: 455–460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lichtenstein SV, Abel JG, Panos A, et al. Warm heart surgery: experience with long cross-clamp times. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52: 1009–1013.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kay GL, Aoki A, Zubiate P, et al. Superior myocardial protection by normothermic aerobic arrest over ischemic arrest for high-risk patients. Presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Orlando, Florida, February 3–5, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Vaughn CC, Opie JC, Florendo FT, et al. Warm blood cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 1227–1232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gott VL, Gonzalez JL, Zuhdi MN, et al. Retrograde perfusion of the coronary sinus for direct vision aortic surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1957; 104: 319–328.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gott VL, Gonzalez JL, Paneth M, et al. Cardiac retroperfusion with induced asystole for open-heart surgery upon the aortic valve or the coronary arteries. Proc Soc Exp Bio! Med 1957; 94: 689–692.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bomfim V, Kaijser L, Bendz R, et al. Myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement: cardiac metabolism and enzyme release following continuous blood cardioplegia. Scan J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 1981; 15: 141–147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Khuri SF, Warner KG, Josa M, et al. The superiority of continuous cold blood cardioplegia in the metabolic protection of the hypertrophied human heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 95: 442–454.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown WM, Jay JL, Gott JP, et al. Warm blood cardioplegia: superior protection after acute myocardial ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 32–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Horsley WS, Whitlark JD, Hall JD, et al. Revascularization for acute regional infarct: superior protection with warm blood cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 1228–1238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Martin TD, Craver JM, Weintraub WS, et al. Warm blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia: a case-matched comparison. Abstract. Presented at the 65th Scientific Session of the American Heart Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 16–19, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Martin TD, Craver JM, Gott JP, et al. Prospective, randomized trial of retrograde warm blood cardioplegia: myocardial benefit and neurologic threat. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 57: 298–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bufkin BL, Mellitt RJ, Gott JP, et al. Aerobic blood cardioplegia for revascularization of acute infarct: effects of delivery temperature on myocardial protection. Presented at the 13th Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 31, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gutyon RA. Warm blood cardioplegia: benefits and risks. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 1071–1072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Menasche P, Piwnica A. Cardioplegia by way of the coronary sinus for valvular and coronary surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol1991; 18: 628–636.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Robinson LA. Cardioplegic solutions in the 90’s: current perspective and national trends. Presented at Myocardial Preservation: Past Trends and Future Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, October 16–17, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Matsuura H, Lazar HL, Yang XM, et al. Detrimental effects of interrupting warm blood cardioplegia during coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 106: 357–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Teoh KHT, Panos Al, Harmantas AA, et al. Optimal visualization of coronary artery anastomoses by gas jet. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52: 564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Aronson S, Lee BK, Zaroff JG, et al. Myocardial distribution of cardioplegic solution after retrograde delivery in patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105: 214–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Huang AH, Sofola IO, Bufkin BL, et al. Retrograde cardioplegia distribution is not affected by coronary arterial venting or by coronary sinus pressure. In preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lichtenstein SV, Abel JG, Slutsky A. Warm retrograde cardioplegia. Protection of the right ventricle in mitral valve operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 374–379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Christakis GT, Koch JP, Deemar KA, et al. A randomized study of the systemic effects of warm heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 54: 449–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Menasche P, Haydar S, Peynet J, et al. A potential mechanism of vasodilation after warm heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107: 293–299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gundry SR, Wang N, Bannon D, et al. Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia: maintenance of myocardial homeostasis in humans. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 358–363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ikonomidis JS, Yau TM, Weisel RD, et al. Optimal flow rates for retrograde warm cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardio vasc Surg 1994; 107: 510–519.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yau TM, Ikonomidis JS, Weisel RD, et al. Ventricular function after normothermic versus hypothermic cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105: 833–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hoff JT, Cerebral protection. J Neurosurg 1986; 65: 579–591.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cavarocchi NC, Pluth JR, Schaff HV, et al. Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 91: 252–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Moore FD Jr, Warner KG, Assousa S, et al. The effects of complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass: attenuation by hypothermia, heparin, and hemodilution. Ann Surg 1988; 208: 95–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Robert A. Guyton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Christina T. Mora M.D.

  2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Robert A. Guyton M.D.

  3. Perfusion Services, Emory University Hospitals, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Richard L. Rigatti B.S., C.T., C.C.T.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Guyton, R.A. (1995). Warm-Blood Cardioplegia and Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass. In: Mora, C.T., Guyton, R.A., Finlayson, D.C., Rigatti, R.L. (eds) Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_34

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7557-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2484-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation