Abstract
The delivery of oxygen to the mitochondria, and the removal of carbon dioxide, is the ultimate goal of respiration. During physiologic respiration, the creation of negative intrathoracic pressure causes the flow of atmospheric air, containing 21% oxygen, to enter the lungs and transit the conducting airways, resulting in delivery to the bronchiole-alveolar complexes. Here, diffusion allows the oxygen to cross the alveolar membrane and enter into an oxyhemoglobin complex. The bound oxygen is then transported back to the left atrium, to the left ventricle, through the arterial tree, and, ultimately, to the mitochondria by simple diffusion. With normal respiratory function, and a normal metabolic state, oxygen delivery far exceeds tissue requirements. Interruption or impedance at any stage of this process, however, significantly affects oxygen delivery at the cellular level. As oxygen delivery lags behind the metabolic needs of the cells, the oxygen content of the circulating blood decreases, and hypoxemia ensues. Hypoxemia is, ultimately, the major threat to life. 1–3
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Wenger, R.K., Mortensen, J.D. (1995). The Intravascular Oxygenator, IVOX®: Augmentation of Blood-Gas Transfer. In: Mora, C.T., Guyton, R.A., Finlayson, D.C., Rigatti, R.L. (eds) Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_30
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_30
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