Abstract
The occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has dramatically increased public awareness of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and stimulated a widespread interest in the current state of knowledge.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Wells GAH, Scott AC, Johnson CT, et al. A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Vet Rec 1987;121:419–420.
Gajdusek DC. Unconventional viruses and the origin and disappearance of Kuru. Science 1977;197:943–960.
Marsh RF, Hanson RP. On the origin of transmissible mink encephalopathy. In: Prusiner SB, Hadlow WJ, eds. Slow transmissible diseases of the nervous system, vol 1. New York. Academic Press, 1979:451–460.
Wilesmith JW, Wells GAH, Cranwell MP, Ryan JMB. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies. Vet Rec 1988;123:638–644.
The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Order 1988. Statutory Instrument No. 1039. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1988.
Wilesmith JW. The epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Semin Virol 1991;2:239–245.
Wilesmith JW, Ryan JBM, Hueston WD, Hoinville LJ. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological features 1985–1990. Vet Rec 1992;130:90–94.
Wilesmith JW, Ryan JBM, Hueston WD. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: case-control studies of calf feeding practices and meat and bone meal inclusion in proprietary concentrates. Res Vet Sci 1992;52:325–331.
Wilesmith JW. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological factors associated with the emergence of an important new animal pathogen in Great Britain. Semin Virol 1994;5:179–187.
Kimberlin RH. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: an appraisal of the current epidemic in the U.K. Intervirology 1993;35:208–218.
Kimberlin RH, Wilesmith JW. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): epidemiology, low dose exposure and risks. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994;724:210–220.
Bradley R, Marchant B, eds. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Proceedings of a consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; 1993 Sept 14–15; European Commission Document VI/4131/94-EN. Brussels, 1994.
Wilesmith JW, Ryan JBM, Atkinson MJ. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies on the origin. Vet Rec 1991;128:199–203.
Klitzman RL, Alpers MP, Gajdusek DC. The natural incubation period of Kuru and the episodes of transmission in three clusters of patients. Neuroepidemiology 1984;3:3–20.
Kimberlin RH. Unconventional “slow” viruses. In: Collier LH, Timbury MC, eds. Topley and Wilson’s principles of bacteriology, virology and immunity, vol 4. 8th ed. London: Edward Arnold, 1990:671–693.
Detwiler LA. Scrapie. Sci Tech Rev Int Off Epiz 1992;11:491–537.
Williams ES, Young S. Spongiform encephalopathies in Cervidae. Sci Tech Rev Int Off Epiz 1992;11:551–567.
Bruce ME, Chree A, McConnell I, Foster J, Pearson G, Fraser H. Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [B] 1994;343:405–411.
Gibbs CJ Jr, Safar J, Ceroni M, Di Martino A, Clark WW, Hourrigan JL. Experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle. Lancet 1990;335:1275.
Cutlip RC, Miller JM, Race RE, et al. Intracerebral transmission of scrapie to cattle. J Infect Dis 1994;169:814–820.
Kimberlin RH. A scientific evaluation of research into bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In: Bradley R, Marchant B, eds. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Proceedings of a consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; 1993 Sept 14–15; European Commission Document VI/4131/94-EN: Brussels, 1994:455–477.
Bruce ME, McConnell I, Fraser H, Dickinson AG. The disease characteristics of different strains of scrapie in Sinc congenic mouse lines: implication for the nature of the agent and host control of pathogenesis. J Gen Virol 1991;72: 595–603.
Dickinson AG, Outram GW. Pathogenesis of experimental scrapie. In: Bock G, Marsh J, eds. Novel Infectious Agents and the Central Nervous System. Ciba Foundation Symposium No. 135. Chichester: Wiley, 1988;63–83.
Foster JD, Dickinson AG. Genetic control of scrapie in Cheviot and Suffolk sheep. Vet Rec 1988;123:159.
Prusiner SB. Molecular biology and genetics of prion diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [B] 1994;343:447–463.
Weissmann C, Bueler H, Fischer M, Sauer A, Aguet M. Susceptibility to scrapie in mice is dependent on PrPc. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [B] 1994;343: 431–433.
Kimberlin RH, Walker CA. Incubation periods in six models of intraperitoneally injected scrapie depend mainly on the dynamics of agent replication within the nervous system and not the lymphoreticular system. J Gen Virol 1988;69:2953–2960.
Bruce ME. Agent replication dynamics in a long incubation period model of mouse scrapie. J Gen Virol 1985;66:2517–2522.
Collis SC, Kimberlin RH. Long term persistence of scrapie infection in mouse spleens in the absence of clinical disease. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1985;29:111–114.
Goldmann G, Hunter N, Smith G, Foster J, Hope J. PrP genotype and agent effects in scrapie: change in allelic interaction with different isolates of agent in sheep, a natural host of scrapie. J Gen Virol 1994;75:989–995.
Westaway D, Cooper C, Turner S, Da Costa M, Carlson GA, Prusiner SB. Structure and polymorphism of the mouse prion protein gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:6418–6422.
Collinge J, Palmer M. Molecular genetics of human prion diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [B] 1994;343:371–378.
Goldfarb LG, Brown P, Cervenakova L, Gajdusek DC. Genetic analysis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [B] 1994;343:379–384.
Hunter N, Goldmann W, Smith G, Hope J. Frequencies of PrP gene variants in healthy cattle and cattle with BSE in Scotland. Vet Rec 1994;135:400–403.
Dawson M, Wells GAH, Parker BNJ, et al. Transmission studies of BSE in cattle, pigs and domestic fowl. In: Bradley R, Marchant B, eds. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Proceedings of a Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; 1993 Sept 14–15; European Commission Document VI/4131/94-EN: Brussels, 1994:161–167.
Bruce ME, Dickinson AG. Biological evidence that scrapie agent has an independent genome. J Gen Virol 1987;68:79–89.
Kimberlin RH, Walker CA, Fraser H. The genomic identity of different strains of mouse scrapie is expressed in hamsters and preserved on reisolation in mice. J Gen Virol 1989;70:2017–2025.
Kimberlin RH, Cole S, Walker CA. Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) in Chinese hamsters: identification of two strains of TME and comparisons with scrapie. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1986;12:197–206.
Kimberlin RH. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Sci Tech Rev Int Off Epiz 1992,11:347–390 (English), 391–439 (French), 441–89 (Spanish).
Kimberlin RH, Walker CA. Pathogenesis of scrapie in mice after intragastric infection. Virus Res 1989;12:213–220.
Hadlow WJ, Race RE, Kennedy RC. Temporal distribution of transmissible mink encephalopathy virus in mink inoculated subcutaneously. J Virol 1987; 61:3235–3240.
Hadlow WJ, Kennedy RC, Race RE. Natural infection of Suffolk sheep with scrapie virus. J Infect Dis 1982;146:657–664.
Fraser H, Foster JD. Transmission to mice, sheep and goats and bioassay of bovine tissues. In: Bradley R, Marchant B, eds. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Proceedings of a Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; 1993 Sept 14–15; European Commission Document VI/4131/94-EN: Brussels, 1994:145–159.
Bleem AM, Crom RL, Francy DB, Hueston WD, Kopral C, Walker K. Risk factors and surveillance for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;204:644–651.
Marsh RF, Bessen RA, Lehmann S, Hartsough GR. Epidemiological and experimental studies on a new incident of transmissible mink encephalopathy. J Gen Virol 1991;72:589–594.
Robinson MM. Transmissible encephalopathy research in the United States. In: Bradley R, Marchant B, eds. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Proceedings of a Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; 1993, Sept 14–15; European Commission Document VI/4131/94-EN: Brussels, 1994: 261–267.
Clark AM, Moar JAE. Scrapie: a clinical assessment. Vet Rec 1992;130:377–378.
Kimberlin RH. The aetiology and genetic control of natural scrapie. Nature (Lond) 1979;278:303–304.
Brown P, Gibbs CJ Jr, Rodgers-Johnson P, et al. Human spongiform encephalopathy: The National Institutes of Health series of 300 cases of experimentally transmitted disease. Ann Neurol 1994;35:513–529.
Muramoto T, Kitamoto T, Tateishi J, Goto I. Successful transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from human to mouse verified by prion protein accumulation in mouse brains. Brain Res 1992;599:309–316.
Brown P, Preece MA, Will RG. “Friendly fire” in medicine: hormones, homografts, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lancet 1992;340:24–27.
Hsiao K, Baker HF, Crow TJ, et al. Linkage of a prion protein missense variant to Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome. Nature (Lond) 1989;338:342–345.
Gabizon R, Rosenman H, Meiner Z, et al. Mutation in codon 129 of the prion protein gene in Libyan Jews with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [B] 1994;343:385–390.
Hsiao KK, Groth D, Scott M, et al. Serial transmission in rodents of neurodegeneration from transgenic mice expressing mutant prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:9126–9130.
Brown P, Cathala F, Raubertas RF, Gajdusek DC, Castaigne P. The epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: conclusion of a 15-year investigation in France and review of the world literature. Neurology 1987;37:895–904.
Will RG, Matthews WB, Smith PG, Hudson C. A retrospective study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in England and Wales 1970–1979 II: epidemiology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:749–755.
Palmer MS, Collinge J. Mutations and polymorphisms in the prion protein gene. Human Mut 1993;2:168–173.
Wood JLN, Hall AJ. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lancet 1991;338:182–183.
Bellman MH, Dick G. Surveillance of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Br Med J 1980; 281:393–394.
Stoner GL, Walker DL, Webster H deF. Age distribution of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Acta Neurol Scand 1988;78:307–312.
Manuelidis EE, Manuelidis L. A transmissible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-like agent is prevalent in the human population. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:7724–7728.
Godec MS, Asher DM, Kozachuk WE, et al. Blood buffy coat from Alzheimer’s disease patients and their relatives does not transmit spongiform encephalopathy to hamsters. Neurology 1994;44:1111–1115.
Telling GC, Scott M, Hsiao KK, et al. Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from humans to transgenic mice expressing chimeric human-mouse prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:9936–9940.
Monari L, Chen SG, Brown P, et al. Fatal familial insomnia and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: different prion proteins determined by a DNA polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:2839–2842.
Esmonde TFG, Will RG, Slattery JM, et al. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and blood transfusion. Lancet 1993;341:205–207.
The Bovine Offal (Prohibition) Regulations 1989. Statutory Instrument No. 2061. London: HMSO, 1989.
Alperovitch A, Brown P, Weber T, Pocchiari M, Hofman A, Will R. Incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Europe in 1993. Lancet 1994;343: 918.
Kirkwood JK, Cunningham AA. Epidemiological observations on spongiform encephalopathies in captive wild animals in the British Isles. Vet Rec 1994;135:296–303.
The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (No. 2) (Amendment) Order 1990. Statutory Instrument No. 1930. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1990.
European Commission Decision 94/382 of 27 June 1994.
European Commission Decision 94/381 of 27 June 1994.
Harris DA, Falls DL, Johnson FA, Fischbach GD. A prion-like protein from chicken brain copurifies with an acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:7664–7668.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kimberlin, R.H. (1996). Speculations on the Origin of BSE and the Epidemiology of CJD. In: Gibbs, C.J. (eds) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Serono Symposia USA Norwell, Massachusetts. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2406-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2406-8_13
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7527-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2406-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive