Abstract
As the world’s need for food, feed, and fiber increases, pesticides become as indispensable in agriculture production as fertilizer. In the United States, 62% of the agricultural land is treated with pesticides, of which 69% is herbicides, 19% insecticides, and 12% fungicides (Pimental et al. 1991).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams CD, Thurman EM (1991) Formation and transport of deethylatrazine in the soil and vadose zone. J Environ Qual 20:540–547.
Ahuja LR, DeCoursey DG, Barnes BB, Rojas KW (1993) Characteristics of macro-pore transport studied with the ARS root zone water quality model. Trans ASAE 36:369–380.
Albanis TA, Pomonis PJ, Sdoukos AT (1989) The influence of fly ash on pesticide fate in the environment: II. Hydrolysis: degradation and adsorption of atrazine in aqueous mixtures of soil with fly ash. Toxicol Environ Chem 19:171–178.
Alhajjar BJ, Simsionan GV, Chesters G (1990) Fate and transport of alachlor, metolachlor and atrazine in large columns. Water Sei Technol 22:87–94.
Anonymous (1990) Iowa restricts atrazine use on certain soils. Success Farm 88:58.
Ashton FM, Monaco TJ (1991) Weed Science, Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Aspelin AL (1994) Pesticides industry sales and usage —1992 and 1993 market estimates. OPP, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. p 13.
Assaf NA, Turco RF (1994) Influence of carbon and nitrogen application on the mineralization of atrazine and its metabolites in soil. Pestic Sei 41:41–47.
Bacci E, Renzoni A, Gaggi C, Calamari D, Franchi A, Vighi M, Severi A (1989) Models, field studies, laboratory experiments: an integrated approach to evaluate the environmental fate of atrazine (s-triazines). Agric Ecosys Environ 27:513–522.
Baker JL, Laflen JM (1979) Runoff losses of surface-applied herbicides as affected by wheel tracks and incorporation. J Environ Qual 8:602–607.
Baker JL, Laflen JM, Hartwig RO (1982) Effects of corn residue and herbicide placement on herbicide runoff losses. Trans ASAE 25:340–343.
Baluch HU, Somasundaram L, Kanwar RS, Coats JR (1993) Fate of major degradation products of atrazine in Iowa soils. J Environ Sei Health B28:127–149.
Bacci E, Renzoni A, Gaggi C, Calamari D, Franchi A, Vighi M, Severi A (1989) Models, field studies, laboratory experiments: an integrated approach to evaluate the environmental fate of atrazine (s-triazines). Agric Ecosys Environ 27:513–522.
Baker JL, Laflen JM (1979) Runoff losses of surface-applied herbicides as affected by wheel tracks and incorporation. J Environ Qual 8:602-607.
Baker JL, Laflen JM, Hartwig RO (1982) Effects of corn residue and herbicide placement on herbicide runoff losses. Trans ASAE 25:340–343.
Baluch HU, Somasundaran L, Kanwar RS, Coats JR (1993) Fate of major degradation products of atrazine in Iowa soils. J Environ Sci Health B28:127–149.
Barriuso E, Schiavon M, Anderux F, Portal JM (1991) Location of atrazine non-extractable (bound) residues in soil size fractions. Chemosphere 22:1131–1140.
Barriuso E, Baer U, Calvet R (1992) Dissolved organic matter and adsorption-desorption of dimefuron, atrazine, and carbetamide by soils. J Environ Qual 21: 359–367.
Barriuso E, Laird DA, Koskinen WC, Dowdy RH (1994) Atrazine desorption from smectites. Soil Sei Soc Am J 58:1632–1638.
Basta NT, Olness A (1992) Determination of alachlor, atrazine and metribuzin in soil by resin extraction. J Environ Qual 21:497–502.
Behki RM, Khan SU (1986) Degradation of atrazine by Pseudomonas: N-dealkylation and dehalogenation of atrazine and its metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 34:746–749.
Behki RM, Khan SU (1994) Degradation of atrazine, propazine and simazine by Rhodococcus strain B-30. J Agric Food Chem 42:1237–1241.
Bertin G, Schiavon M, Pottier C (1990) Plant bioavailability of “natural” and “model” humic acid bound 14C atrazine residues. Toxicol Environ Chem 26:203–210.
Best JA, Weber JB (1974) Disappearance of s-triazines as affected by soil pH using a balance sheet approach. Weed Sei 22:364–373.
Boesten JJTI (1990) Influence of solid/liquid ratio on the experimental error of sorption coefficients in pesticide/soil systems. Pestic Sei 30:31–41.
Bouchard DC (1987) Monitoring transport of selected pesticides and phenols in soil columns by high performance liquid Chromatograph. J Environ Sei Health B22: 391–402.
Bowman BT, Sans WW (1985) Partitioning behavior of insecticides in soil-water systems. II. Desorption hysteresis effects. J Environ Qual 14:270–273.
Bowman BT (1990) Mobility and persistence of alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor in planifield sand and a triazine and isazofos in honeywood silt loam using field lysimeters. Environ Toxicol Chem 9:453–461.
Briggs GG (1981) Theoretical and experimental relationship between soil adsorption, octanol-water partition coefficients, water solubility, bioconcentration factors, and the parachlor. J Agric Food Chem 29:1050–1059.
Brouwer WWM, Boesten JJTI, Siegers WG (1990) Adsorption of transformation products of atrazine by soil. Weed Res 30:123–128.
Brusseau ML, Jessup RE, Rao PSC (1989) Modeling the transport of solutes influenced by multiprocess nonequilibrium. Water Resour Res 25:1971–1988.
Buhler DD, Randall GW, Koskinen WC, Wyse DL (1993) Atrazine and alachlor losses from subsurface tile drainage of a clay loam soil. J Environ Qual 22:583–588.
Burkart MR, Kolpin DW (1993) Hydrology and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers. J Environ Qual 22:646–656.
Burkhard N, Guth JA (1981) Chemical hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4,6 bis(alkylamino)-1,3,5-triazine herbicides and their breakdown in soil under influence of adsorption. Pestic Sei 12:45–52.
Calvet R (1980) Adsorption-desorption phenomena. In: Hance RJ (ed) Interaction Between Herbicides and the Soil. Academic Press, London, pp 1–30.
Carsel RF, Mulkey LA, Lorber MN, Baskin LB (1985) The pesticide root zone model (PRZM): a procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater. Ecol Modell 30:49–69.
Cheng HH (1990) Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts, and Modeling. SSSA Book Series 2. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI
Chesters G, Pionke HB, Daniel TC (1974) Extraction and analytical techniques for pesticides in soil, sediment, and water. In: Guenzi WD (ed) Pesticide in Soil and Water. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp 451–550.
Chung KH, Ro KS, Ondrus MG (1994) Adsorption and extraction of hydroxyatraz-ine from wetland sediment. J Environ Sei Health A29:1577–1586.
Clay DE, Holman PW, Clay SA, Schumacher TE, Scholes KA, Bender AR (1994) Agrichemical detection in a shallow unconfined aquifer as influenced by sampling technique. Soil Sei Soc Am J 58:102–104.
Clay SA, Koskinen WC (1990a) Characterization of alachor and atrazine desorption from soils. Weed Sei 38:74–80.
Clay SA, Koskinen WC (1990b) Adsorption and desorption of atrazine, hydroxya-trazine and a-glutathione atrazine on two soils. Weed Sei 38:262–266.
Clay SA, Allmaras RR, Koskinen WC, Wyse DL (1988) Desorption of atrazine and cyanazine from soil. J Environ Qual 17:719–723.
Clothier BE, Kirkham MB, Mclean JE (1992) In situ measurements of the effective transport volume for solute moving through soil. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:733–736.
Dao TW, Lavy TL (1978) Atrazine adsorption on soil as influenced by temperature, moisture content and electrolyte concentration. Weed Sei 26:303–308.
Davidson JM, Rieck CE, Santelman PW (1968) Influence of water flux and porous material on the movement of selected herbicides. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 32:629–633.
Durand G, Barcelo D (1992) Environmental degradation of atrazine, linuron, and fenitrothion in soil samples. Toxicol Environ Chem 36:225–234.
Edwards WM, Shipitalo MJ, Dick WA, Owens LB (1992a) Rainfall intensity affects transport of water and chemicals through macropores in no-till soil. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:52–58.
Edwards WM, Shipitalo MJ, Traina SJ, Edwards CA, Owens LB (1992b) Role of Lumbricus terresths (L.) burrows on quality of infiltration water. Soil Biol Bio-chem 24:1555–1561.
Edwards WM, Shipitalo MJ, Owens LB, Dick WA (1993) Factors affecting preferential flow of water and atrazine through earthworm burrows under continuous no-till corn. J Environ Qual 22:453–457.
Elint M, Arvin E, Jensen BK (1993) Degradation of the pesticides mecoprop and atrazine in unpolluted sandy aquifers. J Environ Qual 22:262–266.
Elling W, Huber SJ, Bankstahl B, Hock B (1987) Atmospheric transport of atrazine: a simple device for its detection. Environ Pollut 48:77–82.
Elrick DE, Erh KT, Krupp HK (1966) Application of miscible displacement techniques to soils. Water Resour Res 2:717–727.
Erickson LE, Lee KH (1989) Degradation of atrazine and related s-triazine. CRC Crit Rev Environ Control 19:1–14.
Fleming GF, Wax LM, Simmons FW (1992) Leachability and efficacy of starch-encapsulated atrazine. Weed Technol 6:297–302.
Frank R, Sirons GJ (1985) Dissipation of atrazine residues from soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 34:541–548.
Gaber HM, Inskeep WP, Comfort SD, Wraith JM (1995) Nonequilibrium transport of atrazine through large intact soil cores. Soil Sei Soc Am J 59:60–67.
Gamble DS, Khan SU (1988) Atrazine hydrolysis in aqueous suspensions of humic acid at 25 °C. Can J Chem 66:2605–2617.
Gamble DS, Khan SU (1990) Atrazine in organic soils: chemical speciation during heterogenous catalysis. J Agric Food Chem 38:297–308.
Gamble DS, Khan SU (1992) Atrazine in mineral soils: chemical species and catalyzed hydrolysis. Can J Chem 70:1597–1603.
Gamerdinger AP, Lemley AT, Wagenet RJ (1991) Nonequilibrium sorption and degradation of three 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides in a soil-water system. J Environ Qual 20:815–822.
Garner WY, Honeycutt RC, Nigg HN (1986) Evaluation of Pesticide in Ground Water. ACS Symposium Series 315. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Gaston LA, Locke MA (1994) Predicting Alachlor mobility using batch sorption kinetic data. Soil Sei 158:345–354.
Gaynor JD, MacTarish DC, Findlay WI (1995) Atrazine and metolachlor loss in surface and subsurface runoff from three tillage treatments in corn. J Environ Qual 24:246–256.
Ghadiri H, Shea PJ, Wicks GA, Haderlie LC (1984) Atrazine dissipation in conventional-till and no-till sorghum. J Environ Qual 13:549–552.
Giardina MC, Giardi MT, Filacchioni G (1980) 4-amino-2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine: a new metabolite of atrazine by a soil bacterium. Agric Biol Chem 44:2067–2072.
Gilchrist GF, Gamble DS, Kodama H, Khan SU (1993) Atrazine interactions with clay minerals: kinetics and equilibria of sorption. J Agric Food Chem 41:1748–1755.
Gish TJ, Helling CS, Mojasevic M (1991) Preferential movement of atrazine and cyanazine under field conditions. Trans ASAE 34:1699–1705.
Gish TJ, Shirmohammadi A, Wienhold BJ (1994) Field-scale mobility and persis¬tence of commercial and starch-encapsulated atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 23:355–359.
Glotfelty DE, Leech MM, Jersey J, Taylor AW (1989) Volatilization and wind erosion of soil surface applied atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and toxaphene. J Agric Food Chem 37:546–551.
Green JD, Horton R, Baker JL (1995) Crop residue effects on the leaching of surface-applied chemicals. J Environ Qual 24:343–351.
Green RE, Yamane VK (1970) Precision in pesticide adsorption measurements. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 34:353–354.
Green RE, Corey JC (1971) Pesticide adsorption measurement by flow equilibrium and subsequent displacement. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 35:561–565.
Green RE, Davidson JM, Biggar JW (1980) An assessment of methods for determining adsorption-desorption of organic chemicals. In: Banin A, Kafkafi U (eds) Agrochemicals in Soils. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 73–82.
Green RE, Karickhoff SW (1990) Sorption estimates for modeling. In: Cheng HH (ed) Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts and Modeling. SSSA Book Series 2. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 79–101.
Grover R, Hance RJ (1970) Effect of ratio of soil to water on adsorption of linuron and atrazine. Soil Sei 109:136–138.
Gschwend PM, Wu SC (1985) On the constancy of sediment-water partition coefficients of hydrophobic organic pollutants. Environ Sei Technol 19:90–96.
Gustafson DI (1989) Groundwater ubiquity score: a simple method for assessing pesticide leachability. Environ Toxicol Chem 8:339–357.
Gustafson DI, Holden LR (1990) Nonlinear pesticide dissipation in soil: a new model based on spatial variability. Environ Sei Technol 24:1032–1038.
Haan CT, Nofziger DL, Ahmed FK (1994) Characterizing chemical transport variability due to natural weather sequences. J Environ Qual 23:349–354.
Hall JK, Hartwig NL, Hoffman LD (1983) Application mode and alternate cropping effects on atrazine losses from a hillside. J Environ Qual 12:336–340.
Hance RJ (1988) Adsorption and bioavailability. In: Grover R (ed) Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides, Vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 1–19.
Helling CS, Gish TJ (1986) Soil characteristics affecting pesticide movement into ground water. In: Garner WY, Honeycutt RC, Nigg HN (eds) Evaluation of Pesticides in Ground Water. ACS Symposium Series 315. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 14–38.
Hiltbold AE, Buchanan GA (1977) Influence of soil pH on persistence of atrazine in the field. Weed Sei 25:515–520.
Huang LQ, Pignatello J J (1990) Improved extraction of atrazine and metolachlor in field soil samples. J Assoc Anal Chem 73:443–446.
Huang PM, Grover R, McKercher RB (1984) Components and particle size fractions involved in atrazine adsorption by soils. Soil Sei 138:20–24.
Hubbs CW, Lavy TL (1990) Dissipation of norfluranzon and other persistent herbicides in soil. Weed Sei 38:81–88.
Hutson JL, Wagenet RJ (1993) A pragmatic field-scale approach for modeling pesticides. J Environ Qual 22:494–499.
Isensee AR, Helling CS, Gish TJ, Kearney PC, Coffman CB, Zhuang W (1988) Groundwater residues of atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine under no-tillage practices. Chemosphere 17:165–174.
Jayachandran K, Steinheimer TR, Somasundaram L, Mooreman TB, Kanwar RS, Coats JR (1994) Occurrence of atrazine and degradates as contaminants of subsurface drainage and shallow groundwater. J Environ Qual 23:311–319.
Jaynes DB, Logsdon SD, Horton R (1995) Field method for measuring mobile/ immobile water content and solute transfer rate coefficient. Soil Sei Soc Am J 59:352–356.
Johnson DC, Selim HM, Ma L, Southwick LM, Willis GH (1995) Movement of atrazine and nitrate in Sharkey soil: evidence of preferential flow. Agricultural Center Bull. 846. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, p 24.
Johnson JA, Farmer WJ (1993) Batch versus column method for determining distribution of organics between soil and water phases. Soil Sei 155:92–99.
Johnson RM, Pepperman AB (1995) Mobility of atrazine from alginate controlled release formulations. J Environ Sei Health B30:27–47.
Jury WA, Spencer WF, Farmer WJ (1983) Use of model for assessing relative volatility, mobility, and persistence of pesticides and other trace organics in soil systems. In: Saxena J (ed) Hazard Assessment of Chemicals: Current Developments, Vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 1–43.
Jury WA, Focht DD, Farmer WJ (1987) Evaluation of pesticide groundwater pollution potential from standard indices of soil chemical adsorption and biodegrada-tion. J Environ Qual 16:422–428.
Kalouskova N (1989) Adsorption of atrazine on humic acids. J Environ Sei Health B24:599–617.
Kaufmann DD, Blake J (1970) Degradation of atrazine by soil fungi. Soil Biol Biochem 2:273–280.
Khan SU (1991) Bound (nonextractable) pesticide degradation products in soils. In: Somasundaram L, Coats JR(eds) Pesticide Transformation Products: Fate and Significance in the Environment. ACS Symposium Series 459. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 108–121.
Kladivko EJ, Van Scoyoc GE, Monke EJ, Oates KM, Pask W (1991) Pesticide and nutrient movement into subsurface tile drains on a silt loam soil in Indiana. J Environ Qual 20:264–270.
Kookana RS, Gerritse RG, Aylmore LAG (1992a) A method for studying nonequilibrium sorption during transport of pesticide in soil. Soil Sei 154:344–349.
Kookana RS, Aylmore LAG, Gerritse RG (1992b) Time-dependent sorption of pesticides during transport in soil. Soil Sei 154:214–225.
Kordel W, Herrchen M, Klein M, Traub-Eberhan U, Klöppel H, Klein W (1992) Determination of the fate of pesticides in outdoor lysimeter experiments. Sei Total Environ 123/124:421–434.
Laird DA, Barriuso E, Dowdy RH, Koskinen WC (1992) Adsorption of atrazine on smectites. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:62–67.
Laird DA, Yen PY, Koskinen WC, Steinheimer TR, Dowdy RH (1994) Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components. Environ Sei Technol 28:1054–1061.
Leistra M (1980) Transport in solution. In: Hance RJ (ed) Interactions Between Herbicides and the Soil. Academic Press, New York, pp 31–58.
Leonard RA, Kinsel WG, Still DA (1987) GLEAMS: groundwater loading effects of agricultural management system. Trans ASAE 30:1403–1418.
Levanon D (1993) Role of fungi and bacteria in the mineralization of the pesticides atrazine, alachlor, malathion, and carbofuran in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 25: 1097–1105.
Li GC, Feibeck GT Jr (1972) Atrazine hydrolysis as catalyzed by humic acids. Soil Sei 114:201–209.
Libik AW, Romanowski RR (1976) Soil persistence of atrazine and cyanazine. Weed Sei 24:627–629.
Ma L, Southwick LM, Willis GH, Selim HM (1993) Hysteretic characteristics of atrazine adsorption-desorption by a Sharkey soil. Weed Sei 41:627–633.
Ma L, Selim HM (1994a) Predicting atrazine adsorption-desorption in soils: a modified second-order model. Water Resour Res 30:447–456.
Ma L, Selim HM (1994b) Predicting atrazine transport in soils: second-order and multireaction approaches. Water Resour Res 30:3489–3498.
Ma L, Selim HM (1995) Transport of a nonreactive solute in soils: a two-flow domain approach. Soil Sei 159:224–234.
Mandelbaum RT, Wackett LP, Allan DL (1993) Mineralization of the s-triazine ring of atrazine by stable bacterial mixed cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 59: 1695–1701.
McMahon PB, Chapelle FH, Jagucki ML (1992) Atrazine mineralization potential of alluvial-aquifer sediments under aerobic conditions. Environ Sei Technol 26: 1556–1559.
Mingelgrin U, Gerstl Z (1983) Reevaluation of partitioning as a mechanism of nonionic chemicals adsorption in soils. J Environ Qual 12:1–11.
Muir DCG, Baker BE (1978) The disappearance and movement of three triazine herbicides and several of their degradation products in soil under field conditions. Weed Res 18:111–120.
Nair DR, Schnoor JL (1992) Effect of two electron acceptors and atrazine mineralization rates in soils. Environ Sei Technol 26:2298–2300.
Nash RG (1988) Dissipation from soil. In: Grover R (ed) Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides, Vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 131–169.
Nations BK, Hallberg GR (1992) Pesticides in Iowa precipitation. J Environ Qual 21:486–492.
Nicholls PH, Walker A, Baker RJ (1982) Measurement and simulation of the movement and degradation of atrazine and metribuzin in a fallow soil. Pestic Sei 12: 484–494.
Nkedi-Kizza P, Biggar JW, van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ, Selim HM, Davidson JM, Nielsen DR (1983) Modeling tritium and chloride-36 transport through an aggregated oxisol. Water Resour Res 19:691–700.
Nkedi-Kizza P, Biggar JM, Selim HM, van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ, Davidson JM, Nielsen DR (1984) On the equivalence of two conceptual models for describing ion exchange during transport through an aggregated soil. Water Resour Res 20:1123–1130.
Nofziger DL, Hornsby AG (1986) A microcomputer based management tool for chemical movement in soil. Appl Agric Res 1:50–56.
Pennell KD, Hornsby AG, Jessup RE, Rao PSC (1990) Evaluation of five simulation models for predicating aldicarb and bromide behavior under field conditions. Water Resour Res 26:2679–2693.
Periera WE, Rostad CE (1990) Occurrence, distributions and transport of herbicides and their degradation products in the lower Mississippi river and its tributaries. Environ Sei Technol 24:1400–1406.
Phogat BS, Malik RK, Bhan VM (1984) The rate of atrazine degradation in sterilized and unsterilized soil. Beitr Trop Landwirtsch Veterinarmed 22(H.4):391–396.
Pignatello JJ, Huang LQ (1991) Sorptive reversibility of atrazine and metolachlor residues in field soil samples. J Environ Qual 20:222–228.
Pignatello JJ, Ferrandino FJ, Huang LQ (1993) Elution of aged and freshly added herbicides from a soil. Environ Sei Technol 27:1563–1571.
Pimental D, Levitan L (1986) Pesticides: amounts applied and amounts reaching pests. Bioscience 36:86–91.
Pimental D, Mclaughlin L, Zepp A, Lakitan B (1991) Environmental and economic effects of reducing pesticide use. Bioscience 41:402–409.
Pionke HB, Glotfelty DE, Lucas AD, Urban JB (1988) Pesticide contamination of groundwater in the Mahantango Creek watershed. J Environ Qual 17:76–84.
Radosevich M, Traina SJ, Hao YL, Tuovinen OH (1995) Degradation and mineralization of atrazine by a soil bacterial isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:297–302.
Rao PSC, Davidson JM, Jessup RE, Selim HM (1979) Evaluation of conceptual models for describing non-equilibrium adsorption-desorption of pesticides during steady-flow in soils. Soil Sei Soc Am J 43:22–28.
Rao PSC, Jessup RE, Ralston DE, Davidson JM, Kilcrease DP (1980) Experimental and mathematical description of nonadsorbed solute transfer by diffusion in spherical aggregate. Soil Sei Soc Am J 44:684–688.
Rao PSC, Jessup RE (1983) Sorption and movement of pesticides and other toxic organic substances in soils. In: Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems. SSSA Special Publication 11. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 183–201.
Richter J, Richter O, Marucchini C, Perucci P (1992) Kinetic of degradation of some herbicides in soil samples under controlled conditions. Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd 155:261–267.
Riggle BD, Penner D (1987) Evaluation of pine kraft lignins for controlled release of alachlor and metribuzin. Weed Sei 35:243–246.
Roy WR, Krapac IG (1994) Adsorption and desorption of atrazine and deethylatrazine by low organic carbon geologic materials. J Environ Qual 23:549–556.
Sadeghi AM, Isensee AR (1992) Effect of tillage systems and rainfall patterns on atrazine distribution in soil. J Environ Qual 21:464–469.
Sanchez-Martin MJ, Crisanto T, Arienzo M, Sanchez-Camazano M (1994) Evaluation of the mobility of 14C-labelled pesticides in soils by thin layer chromatography using a linear analyzer. J Environ Sei Health B29:473–484.
Sauer TJ, Daniel TC (1987) Effect of tillage system on runoff losses of surface-applied pesticides. Soil Sei Soc Am J 51:410–415.
Sauer TJ, Fermanich KJ, Daniel TC (1990) Comparison of the pesticide root zone model simulated and measured pesticide mobility under two tillage systems. J Environ Qual 19:727–734.
Schiavon M (1988a) Studies of the movement and the formation of bound residues of atrazine, of its chlorinated derivations, and of hydroxyatrazine in soil using 14C-ring-labeled compounds under outdoor conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 15:55–61.
Schiavon M (1988b) Studies of leaching of atrazine, of its chlorinated derivations, and of hydroxyatrazine in soil using 14C-ring-labeled compounds under outdoor conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 15:46–54.
Schocken MJ, Speedie MK (1984) Physiological aspects of atrazine degradation by higher marine fungi. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 13:707–714.
Schottler SP, Eisenreich SJ, Capel PD (1994) Atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine in a large agricultural river system. Environ Sei Technol 28:1079–1089.
Schreiber MM, Hickman MV, Vail GD (1993) Starch-encapsulated atrazine: efficacy and transport. J Environ Qual 22:443–453.
Selim HM, Davidson JM, Mansell RS (1976) Evaluation of a two-site adsorption-desorption model for describing solute transport in soils. In: Proceedings, Summer Computer Simulation Conference. Simulation Council, Inc., Washington, DC, pp 444–448.
Selim HM, Amacher MC (1988) A second-order kinetic approach for modeling solute retention and transport in soils. Water Resour Res 24:2061–2075.
Selim HM, Buchter B, Hinz C, Ma L (1992) Modeling the transport and retention of cadmium in soils: multireaction and multicomponent approaches. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:1004–1015.
Selim HM, Ma L (1995) Transport of reactive solutes in soils: a modified two-region approach. Soil Sei Soc Am J 59:75–82.
Seybold CA, McSweeney K, Lowery B (1994) Atrazine adsorption in sandy soils of Wisconsin. J Environ Qual 23:1291–1297.
Shipitalo MJ, Edwards WM, Dick WA, Owens LB (1990) Initial storm effects on macropore transport of surface applied chemicals in no-till soil. Soil Sei Soc Am J 54:1530–1536.
Sichani SA, Engel BA, Monke EJ, Eigel JD, Kladivko EJ (1991) Validating GLEAMS with pesticide field data on a Clermont silt loam soil. Trans ASAE 34: 1732–1737.
Singh G, Spencer WF, Cliath MM, van Genuchten MT (1990a) Sorption behavior of 5-triazine and thiocarbamate herbicides on soils. J Environ Qual 19:520–525.
Singh G, Spencer WF, Cliath MM, van Genuchten MT (1990b) Dissipation of 5-triazine and thiocarbamates from soil as related to soil moisture content. Environ Pollut 66:253–262.
Singh R, Gerritse RG, Aylmore LAG (1989) Adsorption-desorption behavior of selected pesticides in some Western Australian soils. Aust J Soil Res 28:227–243.
Skopp J, Warrick AW (1974) A two-phase model for the miscible displacement of reactive solutes in soils. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 38:545–550.
Smith AE, Walker A (1989) Prediction of the persistence of the triazine herbicides atrazine, cyanazine, and metribuzine in Regina heavy clay. Can J Soil Sei 69: 587–595.
Smith MC, Thomas DL, Böttcher AB, Campbell KL (1990) Measurement of pesticide transport to shallow ground water. Trans ASAE 33:1573–1582.
Smith MC, Böttcher AB, Campbell KL, Thomas DL (1991) Field testing and comparison of the PRZM and GLEAMS models. Trans ASAE 34:838–847.
Smith WN, Prasher SO, Khan SU, Barthakur NN (1992) Leaching of 14C-labelled atrazine in long, intact soil columns. Trans ASAE 35:1213–1220.
Somasundaram L, Coats JR (1991) Pesticide Transformation Products: Fate and Significance in the Environment. ACS SymposiumSeries 459. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Somasundaram L, Coats JR, Racke KD, Shanbhag VM (1991) Mobility of pesticides and their hydrolysis metabolites in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 10:185–194.
Sorenson BA, Wyse DL, Koskinen WC, Buhler DD, Lueschen WE, Jorgenson MD (1993) Formation and movement of 14C-atrazine degradation products in a sandy loam soil under field conditions. Weed Sei 41:239–245.
Southwick LM, Willis GH, Bengston RL, Lormand TJ (1990a) Atrazine and Meto-lachlor in subsurface drain water in Louisiana. J Irrig Drain Eng 116:16–23.
Southwick LM, Willis GH, Bengston RL, Lormand TJ (1990b) Effect of subsurface drainage on runoff losses of atrazine and metolachlor in southern Louisiana. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 45:113–119.
Southwick LM, Willis GH, Selim HM (1992) Leaching of atrazine from sugarcane in southern Louisiana. J Agric Food Chem 40:1264–1268.
Spalding RF, Snow DD, Cassada DA, Bürbach ME (1994) Study of pesticide occurrence in two closely spaced lakes in northeastern Nebraska. J Environ Qual 23: 571–578.
Starr JL, Glotfelty DE (1990) Atrazine and bromide movement through a silt loam soil. J Environ Qual 19:552–558.
Steenhuis TS, Pacenka S, Porter KS (1987) MOUSE: a management model for evaluating groundwater contamination for diffuse surface sources aided by computer graphics. Appl Agric Res 2:277–289.
Stehouwer RC, Dick WA, Traina SJ (1993) Characteristics of earthworm burrow lining affecting atrazine sorption. J Environ Qual 22:181–185.
Stehouwer RC, Dick WA, Traina SJ (1994) Sorption and retention of herbicides in vertically oriented earthworm and artificial burrows. J Environ Qual 23:286–292.
Steinheimer TR (1993) HPLC determination of atrazine and principal degradates in agricultural soils and associated surface and ground water. J Agric Food Chem 41:588–595.
Stevenson FJ (1976) Organic matter reactions involving pesticides in soil. In: Kaufman DD, Still G, Paulson GD, Bandal SK (eds) Bound and Conjugated Pesticide Residues. ACS SymposiumSeries 29. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 180–207.
Swanson RA, Dutt GR (1973) Chemistry and physical processes that affect atrazine movement and distribution in soil system. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 37:872–876.
Thooko LW, Rudra RP, Dickinson WT, Patni NK, Wall GJ (1994) Modeling pesticide transport in subsurface drained soils. Trans ASAE 37:1175–1181.
Thurman EM, Meyer M, Pomes M, Perry CA, Schwab AP (1990) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicide in water. Anal Chem 62:2043–2048.
Topp E, Smith WN, Reynolds WD, Khan SU (1994) Atrazine and metalachlor dissipation in soils incubated in undisturbed cores, repacked cores, and flasks. J Environ Qual 23:693–700.
Travis CC, Etnier EL (1981) A survey of sorption relationships for reactive solutes in soil. J Environ Qual 10:8–17.
Troiano J, Garretson C, Krauter C, Brownell J, Huston J (1993) Influence of amount and method of irrigation water application on leaching of atrazine. J Environ Qual 22:290–298.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1991) National primary drinking water regulations, final rule. Fed Reg 56(20):3526–3594.
Utermann J, Kladivko EJ, Jury WA (1990) Evaluating pesticide migration in tile-drained soils with a transfer function model. J Environ Qual 19:707–714.
van Genuchten MT, Davidson JM, Wierenga PJ (1974) An evaluation of kinetic and equilibrium equations for the prediction of pesticide movement through porous media. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 38:29–35.
van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ (1976) Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. I. Analytical solution. Soil Sei Soc Am J 40:473–480.
van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ (1977) Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. II. Experimental evaluation with tritium (3H20). Soil Sei Soc Am J 41: 272–277.
van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ, O’Conner GA (1977) Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media: III. Experimental evaluations with 2,4,5-T. Soil Sei Soc Am J 41:278–285.
van Genuchten MT (1981) Non-equilibrium transport parameters from miscible displacement experiments. Research Report 119, U.S. Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA.
van Genuchten MT, Dalton FN (1986) Models for simulating salt movement in aggregated field soils. Geoderma 38:165–183.
van Genuchten MT, Wagenet RJ (1989) Two-site/two-region models for pesticide transport and degradation: theoretical development and analytical solutions. Soil Sei Soc Am J 53:1303–1310.
Von Stryk FG, Bolton EF (1977) Atrazine residues in tile-drain water from corn plots as affected by cropping practices and fertility levels. Can J Soil Sei 57:249–253.
Wagenet RJ, Hutson JL (1986) Predicting the fate of nonvolatile pesticides in the unsaturated zone. J Environ Qual 15:315–322.
Wang Z, Gamble DS, Langford CH (1990) Interaction of atrazine with laurentian fulvic acid: binding and hydrolysis. Anal Chim Acta 232:181–188.
Wang Z, Gamble DS, Langford CH (1992) Interaction of atrazine with Laurentian soil. Environ Sei Technol 26:560–565.
Wauchope RD, Myers RS (1985) Adsorption-desorption kinetics of atrazine and linuron in freshwater-sediment aqueous slurries. J Environ Qual 14:132–136.
Wauchope RD, Buttler TM, Hornsby AG, Augustjin-Beckers PWM, Burt HM (1992) The SCS/ARS/CES pesticide properties database for environmental decision making. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123:1–164.
Weber JB (1993) Ionization and sorption of fomesafen and atrazine by soils and soil constituents. Pestic Sei 39:31–38.
Weed DA J, Kanwar RS, Stoltenberg DE, Pfeiffer RL (1995) Dissipation and distribution of herbicides in the soil profile. J Environ Qual 24:68–79.
Welhouse GJ, Bleam WF (1993) Cooperative hydrogen bonding of atrazine. Environ Sei Technol 27:500–505.
Whang JM, Schomburg CJ, Glotfelty DE, Taylor AW (1993) Volatilization of fonofos, chlorpyrifos, and atrazine from conventional and no-till surface soils in the field. J Environ Qual 22:173–180.
White AW, Barnett AP, Wright BG, Holladay JH (1967) Atrazine losses from fallow land caused by runoff and erosion. Environ Sei Technol 1:740–744.
White JL (1976) Clay-pesticide interactions. In: Kaufman DD, Still G, Paulson GD, Bandal SK (eds) Bound and Conjugated Pesticide Residues. ACS Symposium Series 29. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 208–218.
Widmer SK, Olson JM, Koskinen WC (1993) Kinetics of atrazine hydrolysis in water. J Environ Sei Health B28:19–28.
Wienhold BJ, Gish TJ (1992) Effect of water potential, temperature, and soil microbial activity on release of starch-encapsulated atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 21:382–386.
Wienhold BJ, Sadeghi AM, Gish TJ (1993) Effect of starch encapsulation and temperature on volatilization of atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 22:162–166.
Wienhold BJ, Gish TJ (1994) Effect of formulation and tillage practice on volatilization of atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 23:292–298.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) (1988) Summary of groundwater pesticides monitoring for 07/01/83 through 06/30/87. Prepared by staff of WDNR, June 23, 1988.
Yaron B, Gerstl Z, Spencer WF (1985) Behavior of herbicides in irrigated soils. Adv Soil Sei 3:121–211.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ma, L., Selim, H.M. (1996). Atrazine Retention and Transport in Soils. In: Ware, G.W., Gunther, F.A. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 145. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2354-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2354-2_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7513-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2354-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive