Skip to main content

Atrazine Retention and Transport in Soils

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 145))

Abstract

As the world’s need for food, feed, and fiber increases, pesticides become as indispensable in agriculture production as fertilizer. In the United States, 62% of the agricultural land is treated with pesticides, of which 69% is herbicides, 19% insecticides, and 12% fungicides (Pimental et al. 1991).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams CD, Thurman EM (1991) Formation and transport of deethylatrazine in the soil and vadose zone. J Environ Qual 20:540–547.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja LR, DeCoursey DG, Barnes BB, Rojas KW (1993) Characteristics of macro-pore transport studied with the ARS root zone water quality model. Trans ASAE 36:369–380.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albanis TA, Pomonis PJ, Sdoukos AT (1989) The influence of fly ash on pesticide fate in the environment: II. Hydrolysis: degradation and adsorption of atrazine in aqueous mixtures of soil with fly ash. Toxicol Environ Chem 19:171–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alhajjar BJ, Simsionan GV, Chesters G (1990) Fate and transport of alachlor, metolachlor and atrazine in large columns. Water Sei Technol 22:87–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1990) Iowa restricts atrazine use on certain soils. Success Farm 88:58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton FM, Monaco TJ (1991) Weed Science, Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspelin AL (1994) Pesticides industry sales and usage —1992 and 1993 market estimates. OPP, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. p 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assaf NA, Turco RF (1994) Influence of carbon and nitrogen application on the mineralization of atrazine and its metabolites in soil. Pestic Sei 41:41–47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacci E, Renzoni A, Gaggi C, Calamari D, Franchi A, Vighi M, Severi A (1989) Models, field studies, laboratory experiments: an integrated approach to evaluate the environmental fate of atrazine (s-triazines). Agric Ecosys Environ 27:513–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker JL, Laflen JM (1979) Runoff losses of surface-applied herbicides as affected by wheel tracks and incorporation. J Environ Qual 8:602–607.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JL, Laflen JM, Hartwig RO (1982) Effects of corn residue and herbicide placement on herbicide runoff losses. Trans ASAE 25:340–343.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baluch HU, Somasundaram L, Kanwar RS, Coats JR (1993) Fate of major degradation products of atrazine in Iowa soils. J Environ Sei Health B28:127–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacci E, Renzoni A, Gaggi C, Calamari D, Franchi A, Vighi M, Severi A (1989) Models, field studies, laboratory experiments: an integrated approach to evaluate the environmental fate of atrazine (s-triazines). Agric Ecosys Environ 27:513–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker JL, Laflen JM (1979) Runoff losses of surface-applied herbicides as affected by wheel tracks and incorporation. J Environ Qual 8:602-607.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JL, Laflen JM, Hartwig RO (1982) Effects of corn residue and herbicide placement on herbicide runoff losses. Trans ASAE 25:340–343.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baluch HU, Somasundaran L, Kanwar RS, Coats JR (1993) Fate of major degradation products of atrazine in Iowa soils. J Environ Sci Health B28:127–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barriuso E, Schiavon M, Anderux F, Portal JM (1991) Location of atrazine non-extractable (bound) residues in soil size fractions. Chemosphere 22:1131–1140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barriuso E, Baer U, Calvet R (1992) Dissolved organic matter and adsorption-desorption of dimefuron, atrazine, and carbetamide by soils. J Environ Qual 21: 359–367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barriuso E, Laird DA, Koskinen WC, Dowdy RH (1994) Atrazine desorption from smectites. Soil Sei Soc Am J 58:1632–1638.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basta NT, Olness A (1992) Determination of alachlor, atrazine and metribuzin in soil by resin extraction. J Environ Qual 21:497–502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behki RM, Khan SU (1986) Degradation of atrazine by Pseudomonas: N-dealkylation and dehalogenation of atrazine and its metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 34:746–749.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behki RM, Khan SU (1994) Degradation of atrazine, propazine and simazine by Rhodococcus strain B-30. J Agric Food Chem 42:1237–1241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertin G, Schiavon M, Pottier C (1990) Plant bioavailability of “natural” and “model” humic acid bound 14C atrazine residues. Toxicol Environ Chem 26:203–210.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Best JA, Weber JB (1974) Disappearance of s-triazines as affected by soil pH using a balance sheet approach. Weed Sei 22:364–373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boesten JJTI (1990) Influence of solid/liquid ratio on the experimental error of sorption coefficients in pesticide/soil systems. Pestic Sei 30:31–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouchard DC (1987) Monitoring transport of selected pesticides and phenols in soil columns by high performance liquid Chromatograph. J Environ Sei Health B22: 391–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman BT, Sans WW (1985) Partitioning behavior of insecticides in soil-water systems. II. Desorption hysteresis effects. J Environ Qual 14:270–273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman BT (1990) Mobility and persistence of alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor in planifield sand and a triazine and isazofos in honeywood silt loam using field lysimeters. Environ Toxicol Chem 9:453–461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs GG (1981) Theoretical and experimental relationship between soil adsorption, octanol-water partition coefficients, water solubility, bioconcentration factors, and the parachlor. J Agric Food Chem 29:1050–1059.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer WWM, Boesten JJTI, Siegers WG (1990) Adsorption of transformation products of atrazine by soil. Weed Res 30:123–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusseau ML, Jessup RE, Rao PSC (1989) Modeling the transport of solutes influenced by multiprocess nonequilibrium. Water Resour Res 25:1971–1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buhler DD, Randall GW, Koskinen WC, Wyse DL (1993) Atrazine and alachlor losses from subsurface tile drainage of a clay loam soil. J Environ Qual 22:583–588.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkart MR, Kolpin DW (1993) Hydrology and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers. J Environ Qual 22:646–656.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkhard N, Guth JA (1981) Chemical hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4,6 bis(alkylamino)-1,3,5-triazine herbicides and their breakdown in soil under influence of adsorption. Pestic Sei 12:45–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvet R (1980) Adsorption-desorption phenomena. In: Hance RJ (ed) Interaction Between Herbicides and the Soil. Academic Press, London, pp 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carsel RF, Mulkey LA, Lorber MN, Baskin LB (1985) The pesticide root zone model (PRZM): a procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater. Ecol Modell 30:49–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng HH (1990) Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts, and Modeling. SSSA Book Series 2. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesters G, Pionke HB, Daniel TC (1974) Extraction and analytical techniques for pesticides in soil, sediment, and water. In: Guenzi WD (ed) Pesticide in Soil and Water. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp 451–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung KH, Ro KS, Ondrus MG (1994) Adsorption and extraction of hydroxyatraz-ine from wetland sediment. J Environ Sei Health A29:1577–1586.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clay DE, Holman PW, Clay SA, Schumacher TE, Scholes KA, Bender AR (1994) Agrichemical detection in a shallow unconfined aquifer as influenced by sampling technique. Soil Sei Soc Am J 58:102–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clay SA, Koskinen WC (1990a) Characterization of alachor and atrazine desorption from soils. Weed Sei 38:74–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clay SA, Koskinen WC (1990b) Adsorption and desorption of atrazine, hydroxya-trazine and a-glutathione atrazine on two soils. Weed Sei 38:262–266.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clay SA, Allmaras RR, Koskinen WC, Wyse DL (1988) Desorption of atrazine and cyanazine from soil. J Environ Qual 17:719–723.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clothier BE, Kirkham MB, Mclean JE (1992) In situ measurements of the effective transport volume for solute moving through soil. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:733–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dao TW, Lavy TL (1978) Atrazine adsorption on soil as influenced by temperature, moisture content and electrolyte concentration. Weed Sei 26:303–308.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson JM, Rieck CE, Santelman PW (1968) Influence of water flux and porous material on the movement of selected herbicides. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 32:629–633.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durand G, Barcelo D (1992) Environmental degradation of atrazine, linuron, and fenitrothion in soil samples. Toxicol Environ Chem 36:225–234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards WM, Shipitalo MJ, Dick WA, Owens LB (1992a) Rainfall intensity affects transport of water and chemicals through macropores in no-till soil. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:52–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards WM, Shipitalo MJ, Traina SJ, Edwards CA, Owens LB (1992b) Role of Lumbricus terresths (L.) burrows on quality of infiltration water. Soil Biol Bio-chem 24:1555–1561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards WM, Shipitalo MJ, Owens LB, Dick WA (1993) Factors affecting preferential flow of water and atrazine through earthworm burrows under continuous no-till corn. J Environ Qual 22:453–457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elint M, Arvin E, Jensen BK (1993) Degradation of the pesticides mecoprop and atrazine in unpolluted sandy aquifers. J Environ Qual 22:262–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elling W, Huber SJ, Bankstahl B, Hock B (1987) Atmospheric transport of atrazine: a simple device for its detection. Environ Pollut 48:77–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elrick DE, Erh KT, Krupp HK (1966) Application of miscible displacement techniques to soils. Water Resour Res 2:717–727.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson LE, Lee KH (1989) Degradation of atrazine and related s-triazine. CRC Crit Rev Environ Control 19:1–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming GF, Wax LM, Simmons FW (1992) Leachability and efficacy of starch-encapsulated atrazine. Weed Technol 6:297–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank R, Sirons GJ (1985) Dissipation of atrazine residues from soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 34:541–548.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaber HM, Inskeep WP, Comfort SD, Wraith JM (1995) Nonequilibrium transport of atrazine through large intact soil cores. Soil Sei Soc Am J 59:60–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamble DS, Khan SU (1988) Atrazine hydrolysis in aqueous suspensions of humic acid at 25 °C. Can J Chem 66:2605–2617.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamble DS, Khan SU (1990) Atrazine in organic soils: chemical speciation during heterogenous catalysis. J Agric Food Chem 38:297–308.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamble DS, Khan SU (1992) Atrazine in mineral soils: chemical species and catalyzed hydrolysis. Can J Chem 70:1597–1603.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamerdinger AP, Lemley AT, Wagenet RJ (1991) Nonequilibrium sorption and degradation of three 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides in a soil-water system. J Environ Qual 20:815–822.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garner WY, Honeycutt RC, Nigg HN (1986) Evaluation of Pesticide in Ground Water. ACS Symposium Series 315. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston LA, Locke MA (1994) Predicting Alachlor mobility using batch sorption kinetic data. Soil Sei 158:345–354.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaynor JD, MacTarish DC, Findlay WI (1995) Atrazine and metolachlor loss in surface and subsurface runoff from three tillage treatments in corn. J Environ Qual 24:246–256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghadiri H, Shea PJ, Wicks GA, Haderlie LC (1984) Atrazine dissipation in conventional-till and no-till sorghum. J Environ Qual 13:549–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giardina MC, Giardi MT, Filacchioni G (1980) 4-amino-2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine: a new metabolite of atrazine by a soil bacterium. Agric Biol Chem 44:2067–2072.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist GF, Gamble DS, Kodama H, Khan SU (1993) Atrazine interactions with clay minerals: kinetics and equilibria of sorption. J Agric Food Chem 41:1748–1755.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gish TJ, Helling CS, Mojasevic M (1991) Preferential movement of atrazine and cyanazine under field conditions. Trans ASAE 34:1699–1705.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gish TJ, Shirmohammadi A, Wienhold BJ (1994) Field-scale mobility and persis¬tence of commercial and starch-encapsulated atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 23:355–359.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glotfelty DE, Leech MM, Jersey J, Taylor AW (1989) Volatilization and wind erosion of soil surface applied atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and toxaphene. J Agric Food Chem 37:546–551.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green JD, Horton R, Baker JL (1995) Crop residue effects on the leaching of surface-applied chemicals. J Environ Qual 24:343–351.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green RE, Yamane VK (1970) Precision in pesticide adsorption measurements. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 34:353–354.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green RE, Corey JC (1971) Pesticide adsorption measurement by flow equilibrium and subsequent displacement. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 35:561–565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green RE, Davidson JM, Biggar JW (1980) An assessment of methods for determining adsorption-desorption of organic chemicals. In: Banin A, Kafkafi U (eds) Agrochemicals in Soils. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green RE, Karickhoff SW (1990) Sorption estimates for modeling. In: Cheng HH (ed) Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts and Modeling. SSSA Book Series 2. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 79–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grover R, Hance RJ (1970) Effect of ratio of soil to water on adsorption of linuron and atrazine. Soil Sei 109:136–138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gschwend PM, Wu SC (1985) On the constancy of sediment-water partition coefficients of hydrophobic organic pollutants. Environ Sei Technol 19:90–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson DI (1989) Groundwater ubiquity score: a simple method for assessing pesticide leachability. Environ Toxicol Chem 8:339–357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson DI, Holden LR (1990) Nonlinear pesticide dissipation in soil: a new model based on spatial variability. Environ Sei Technol 24:1032–1038.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haan CT, Nofziger DL, Ahmed FK (1994) Characterizing chemical transport variability due to natural weather sequences. J Environ Qual 23:349–354.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall JK, Hartwig NL, Hoffman LD (1983) Application mode and alternate cropping effects on atrazine losses from a hillside. J Environ Qual 12:336–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hance RJ (1988) Adsorption and bioavailability. In: Grover R (ed) Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides, Vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helling CS, Gish TJ (1986) Soil characteristics affecting pesticide movement into ground water. In: Garner WY, Honeycutt RC, Nigg HN (eds) Evaluation of Pesticides in Ground Water. ACS Symposium Series 315. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 14–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiltbold AE, Buchanan GA (1977) Influence of soil pH on persistence of atrazine in the field. Weed Sei 25:515–520.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang LQ, Pignatello J J (1990) Improved extraction of atrazine and metolachlor in field soil samples. J Assoc Anal Chem 73:443–446.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang PM, Grover R, McKercher RB (1984) Components and particle size fractions involved in atrazine adsorption by soils. Soil Sei 138:20–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbs CW, Lavy TL (1990) Dissipation of norfluranzon and other persistent herbicides in soil. Weed Sei 38:81–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutson JL, Wagenet RJ (1993) A pragmatic field-scale approach for modeling pesticides. J Environ Qual 22:494–499.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isensee AR, Helling CS, Gish TJ, Kearney PC, Coffman CB, Zhuang W (1988) Groundwater residues of atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine under no-tillage practices. Chemosphere 17:165–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayachandran K, Steinheimer TR, Somasundaram L, Mooreman TB, Kanwar RS, Coats JR (1994) Occurrence of atrazine and degradates as contaminants of subsurface drainage and shallow groundwater. J Environ Qual 23:311–319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaynes DB, Logsdon SD, Horton R (1995) Field method for measuring mobile/ immobile water content and solute transfer rate coefficient. Soil Sei Soc Am J 59:352–356.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DC, Selim HM, Ma L, Southwick LM, Willis GH (1995) Movement of atrazine and nitrate in Sharkey soil: evidence of preferential flow. Agricultural Center Bull. 846. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, p 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JA, Farmer WJ (1993) Batch versus column method for determining distribution of organics between soil and water phases. Soil Sei 155:92–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RM, Pepperman AB (1995) Mobility of atrazine from alginate controlled release formulations. J Environ Sei Health B30:27–47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jury WA, Spencer WF, Farmer WJ (1983) Use of model for assessing relative volatility, mobility, and persistence of pesticides and other trace organics in soil systems. In: Saxena J (ed) Hazard Assessment of Chemicals: Current Developments, Vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jury WA, Focht DD, Farmer WJ (1987) Evaluation of pesticide groundwater pollution potential from standard indices of soil chemical adsorption and biodegrada-tion. J Environ Qual 16:422–428.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalouskova N (1989) Adsorption of atrazine on humic acids. J Environ Sei Health B24:599–617.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann DD, Blake J (1970) Degradation of atrazine by soil fungi. Soil Biol Biochem 2:273–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan SU (1991) Bound (nonextractable) pesticide degradation products in soils. In: Somasundaram L, Coats JR(eds) Pesticide Transformation Products: Fate and Significance in the Environment. ACS Symposium Series 459. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 108–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kladivko EJ, Van Scoyoc GE, Monke EJ, Oates KM, Pask W (1991) Pesticide and nutrient movement into subsurface tile drains on a silt loam soil in Indiana. J Environ Qual 20:264–270.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kookana RS, Gerritse RG, Aylmore LAG (1992a) A method for studying nonequilibrium sorption during transport of pesticide in soil. Soil Sei 154:344–349.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kookana RS, Aylmore LAG, Gerritse RG (1992b) Time-dependent sorption of pesticides during transport in soil. Soil Sei 154:214–225.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kordel W, Herrchen M, Klein M, Traub-Eberhan U, Klöppel H, Klein W (1992) Determination of the fate of pesticides in outdoor lysimeter experiments. Sei Total Environ 123/124:421–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird DA, Barriuso E, Dowdy RH, Koskinen WC (1992) Adsorption of atrazine on smectites. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:62–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laird DA, Yen PY, Koskinen WC, Steinheimer TR, Dowdy RH (1994) Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components. Environ Sei Technol 28:1054–1061.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leistra M (1980) Transport in solution. In: Hance RJ (ed) Interactions Between Herbicides and the Soil. Academic Press, New York, pp 31–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard RA, Kinsel WG, Still DA (1987) GLEAMS: groundwater loading effects of agricultural management system. Trans ASAE 30:1403–1418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levanon D (1993) Role of fungi and bacteria in the mineralization of the pesticides atrazine, alachlor, malathion, and carbofuran in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 25: 1097–1105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li GC, Feibeck GT Jr (1972) Atrazine hydrolysis as catalyzed by humic acids. Soil Sei 114:201–209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libik AW, Romanowski RR (1976) Soil persistence of atrazine and cyanazine. Weed Sei 24:627–629.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma L, Southwick LM, Willis GH, Selim HM (1993) Hysteretic characteristics of atrazine adsorption-desorption by a Sharkey soil. Weed Sei 41:627–633.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma L, Selim HM (1994a) Predicting atrazine adsorption-desorption in soils: a modified second-order model. Water Resour Res 30:447–456.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma L, Selim HM (1994b) Predicting atrazine transport in soils: second-order and multireaction approaches. Water Resour Res 30:3489–3498.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma L, Selim HM (1995) Transport of a nonreactive solute in soils: a two-flow domain approach. Soil Sei 159:224–234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum RT, Wackett LP, Allan DL (1993) Mineralization of the s-triazine ring of atrazine by stable bacterial mixed cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 59: 1695–1701.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon PB, Chapelle FH, Jagucki ML (1992) Atrazine mineralization potential of alluvial-aquifer sediments under aerobic conditions. Environ Sei Technol 26: 1556–1559.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mingelgrin U, Gerstl Z (1983) Reevaluation of partitioning as a mechanism of nonionic chemicals adsorption in soils. J Environ Qual 12:1–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir DCG, Baker BE (1978) The disappearance and movement of three triazine herbicides and several of their degradation products in soil under field conditions. Weed Res 18:111–120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nair DR, Schnoor JL (1992) Effect of two electron acceptors and atrazine mineralization rates in soils. Environ Sei Technol 26:2298–2300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nash RG (1988) Dissipation from soil. In: Grover R (ed) Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides, Vol I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 131–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nations BK, Hallberg GR (1992) Pesticides in Iowa precipitation. J Environ Qual 21:486–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls PH, Walker A, Baker RJ (1982) Measurement and simulation of the movement and degradation of atrazine and metribuzin in a fallow soil. Pestic Sei 12: 484–494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkedi-Kizza P, Biggar JW, van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ, Selim HM, Davidson JM, Nielsen DR (1983) Modeling tritium and chloride-36 transport through an aggregated oxisol. Water Resour Res 19:691–700.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nkedi-Kizza P, Biggar JM, Selim HM, van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ, Davidson JM, Nielsen DR (1984) On the equivalence of two conceptual models for describing ion exchange during transport through an aggregated soil. Water Resour Res 20:1123–1130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nofziger DL, Hornsby AG (1986) A microcomputer based management tool for chemical movement in soil. Appl Agric Res 1:50–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennell KD, Hornsby AG, Jessup RE, Rao PSC (1990) Evaluation of five simulation models for predicating aldicarb and bromide behavior under field conditions. Water Resour Res 26:2679–2693.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Periera WE, Rostad CE (1990) Occurrence, distributions and transport of herbicides and their degradation products in the lower Mississippi river and its tributaries. Environ Sei Technol 24:1400–1406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phogat BS, Malik RK, Bhan VM (1984) The rate of atrazine degradation in sterilized and unsterilized soil. Beitr Trop Landwirtsch Veterinarmed 22(H.4):391–396.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello JJ, Huang LQ (1991) Sorptive reversibility of atrazine and metolachlor residues in field soil samples. J Environ Qual 20:222–228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello JJ, Ferrandino FJ, Huang LQ (1993) Elution of aged and freshly added herbicides from a soil. Environ Sei Technol 27:1563–1571.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pimental D, Levitan L (1986) Pesticides: amounts applied and amounts reaching pests. Bioscience 36:86–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pimental D, Mclaughlin L, Zepp A, Lakitan B (1991) Environmental and economic effects of reducing pesticide use. Bioscience 41:402–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pionke HB, Glotfelty DE, Lucas AD, Urban JB (1988) Pesticide contamination of groundwater in the Mahantango Creek watershed. J Environ Qual 17:76–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radosevich M, Traina SJ, Hao YL, Tuovinen OH (1995) Degradation and mineralization of atrazine by a soil bacterial isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:297–302.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao PSC, Davidson JM, Jessup RE, Selim HM (1979) Evaluation of conceptual models for describing non-equilibrium adsorption-desorption of pesticides during steady-flow in soils. Soil Sei Soc Am J 43:22–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao PSC, Jessup RE, Ralston DE, Davidson JM, Kilcrease DP (1980) Experimental and mathematical description of nonadsorbed solute transfer by diffusion in spherical aggregate. Soil Sei Soc Am J 44:684–688.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao PSC, Jessup RE (1983) Sorption and movement of pesticides and other toxic organic substances in soils. In: Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems. SSSA Special Publication 11. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 183–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter J, Richter O, Marucchini C, Perucci P (1992) Kinetic of degradation of some herbicides in soil samples under controlled conditions. Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd 155:261–267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riggle BD, Penner D (1987) Evaluation of pine kraft lignins for controlled release of alachlor and metribuzin. Weed Sei 35:243–246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy WR, Krapac IG (1994) Adsorption and desorption of atrazine and deethylatrazine by low organic carbon geologic materials. J Environ Qual 23:549–556.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi AM, Isensee AR (1992) Effect of tillage systems and rainfall patterns on atrazine distribution in soil. J Environ Qual 21:464–469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Martin MJ, Crisanto T, Arienzo M, Sanchez-Camazano M (1994) Evaluation of the mobility of 14C-labelled pesticides in soils by thin layer chromatography using a linear analyzer. J Environ Sei Health B29:473–484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer TJ, Daniel TC (1987) Effect of tillage system on runoff losses of surface-applied pesticides. Soil Sei Soc Am J 51:410–415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer TJ, Fermanich KJ, Daniel TC (1990) Comparison of the pesticide root zone model simulated and measured pesticide mobility under two tillage systems. J Environ Qual 19:727–734.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiavon M (1988a) Studies of the movement and the formation of bound residues of atrazine, of its chlorinated derivations, and of hydroxyatrazine in soil using 14C-ring-labeled compounds under outdoor conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 15:55–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiavon M (1988b) Studies of leaching of atrazine, of its chlorinated derivations, and of hydroxyatrazine in soil using 14C-ring-labeled compounds under outdoor conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 15:46–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schocken MJ, Speedie MK (1984) Physiological aspects of atrazine degradation by higher marine fungi. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 13:707–714.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schottler SP, Eisenreich SJ, Capel PD (1994) Atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine in a large agricultural river system. Environ Sei Technol 28:1079–1089.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber MM, Hickman MV, Vail GD (1993) Starch-encapsulated atrazine: efficacy and transport. J Environ Qual 22:443–453.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selim HM, Davidson JM, Mansell RS (1976) Evaluation of a two-site adsorption-desorption model for describing solute transport in soils. In: Proceedings, Summer Computer Simulation Conference. Simulation Council, Inc., Washington, DC, pp 444–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selim HM, Amacher MC (1988) A second-order kinetic approach for modeling solute retention and transport in soils. Water Resour Res 24:2061–2075.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selim HM, Buchter B, Hinz C, Ma L (1992) Modeling the transport and retention of cadmium in soils: multireaction and multicomponent approaches. Soil Sei Soc Am J 56:1004–1015.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selim HM, Ma L (1995) Transport of reactive solutes in soils: a modified two-region approach. Soil Sei Soc Am J 59:75–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seybold CA, McSweeney K, Lowery B (1994) Atrazine adsorption in sandy soils of Wisconsin. J Environ Qual 23:1291–1297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipitalo MJ, Edwards WM, Dick WA, Owens LB (1990) Initial storm effects on macropore transport of surface applied chemicals in no-till soil. Soil Sei Soc Am J 54:1530–1536.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sichani SA, Engel BA, Monke EJ, Eigel JD, Kladivko EJ (1991) Validating GLEAMS with pesticide field data on a Clermont silt loam soil. Trans ASAE 34: 1732–1737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Spencer WF, Cliath MM, van Genuchten MT (1990a) Sorption behavior of 5-triazine and thiocarbamate herbicides on soils. J Environ Qual 19:520–525.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Spencer WF, Cliath MM, van Genuchten MT (1990b) Dissipation of 5-triazine and thiocarbamates from soil as related to soil moisture content. Environ Pollut 66:253–262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Gerritse RG, Aylmore LAG (1989) Adsorption-desorption behavior of selected pesticides in some Western Australian soils. Aust J Soil Res 28:227–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skopp J, Warrick AW (1974) A two-phase model for the miscible displacement of reactive solutes in soils. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 38:545–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith AE, Walker A (1989) Prediction of the persistence of the triazine herbicides atrazine, cyanazine, and metribuzine in Regina heavy clay. Can J Soil Sei 69: 587–595.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MC, Thomas DL, Böttcher AB, Campbell KL (1990) Measurement of pesticide transport to shallow ground water. Trans ASAE 33:1573–1582.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MC, Böttcher AB, Campbell KL, Thomas DL (1991) Field testing and comparison of the PRZM and GLEAMS models. Trans ASAE 34:838–847.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith WN, Prasher SO, Khan SU, Barthakur NN (1992) Leaching of 14C-labelled atrazine in long, intact soil columns. Trans ASAE 35:1213–1220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somasundaram L, Coats JR (1991) Pesticide Transformation Products: Fate and Significance in the Environment. ACS SymposiumSeries 459. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somasundaram L, Coats JR, Racke KD, Shanbhag VM (1991) Mobility of pesticides and their hydrolysis metabolites in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 10:185–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson BA, Wyse DL, Koskinen WC, Buhler DD, Lueschen WE, Jorgenson MD (1993) Formation and movement of 14C-atrazine degradation products in a sandy loam soil under field conditions. Weed Sei 41:239–245.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Southwick LM, Willis GH, Bengston RL, Lormand TJ (1990a) Atrazine and Meto-lachlor in subsurface drain water in Louisiana. J Irrig Drain Eng 116:16–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwick LM, Willis GH, Bengston RL, Lormand TJ (1990b) Effect of subsurface drainage on runoff losses of atrazine and metolachlor in southern Louisiana. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 45:113–119.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Southwick LM, Willis GH, Selim HM (1992) Leaching of atrazine from sugarcane in southern Louisiana. J Agric Food Chem 40:1264–1268.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spalding RF, Snow DD, Cassada DA, Bürbach ME (1994) Study of pesticide occurrence in two closely spaced lakes in northeastern Nebraska. J Environ Qual 23: 571–578.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starr JL, Glotfelty DE (1990) Atrazine and bromide movement through a silt loam soil. J Environ Qual 19:552–558.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steenhuis TS, Pacenka S, Porter KS (1987) MOUSE: a management model for evaluating groundwater contamination for diffuse surface sources aided by computer graphics. Appl Agric Res 2:277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stehouwer RC, Dick WA, Traina SJ (1993) Characteristics of earthworm burrow lining affecting atrazine sorption. J Environ Qual 22:181–185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehouwer RC, Dick WA, Traina SJ (1994) Sorption and retention of herbicides in vertically oriented earthworm and artificial burrows. J Environ Qual 23:286–292.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinheimer TR (1993) HPLC determination of atrazine and principal degradates in agricultural soils and associated surface and ground water. J Agric Food Chem 41:588–595.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson FJ (1976) Organic matter reactions involving pesticides in soil. In: Kaufman DD, Still G, Paulson GD, Bandal SK (eds) Bound and Conjugated Pesticide Residues. ACS SymposiumSeries 29. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 180–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson RA, Dutt GR (1973) Chemistry and physical processes that affect atrazine movement and distribution in soil system. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 37:872–876.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thooko LW, Rudra RP, Dickinson WT, Patni NK, Wall GJ (1994) Modeling pesticide transport in subsurface drained soils. Trans ASAE 37:1175–1181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman EM, Meyer M, Pomes M, Perry CA, Schwab AP (1990) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicide in water. Anal Chem 62:2043–2048.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Topp E, Smith WN, Reynolds WD, Khan SU (1994) Atrazine and metalachlor dissipation in soils incubated in undisturbed cores, repacked cores, and flasks. J Environ Qual 23:693–700.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Travis CC, Etnier EL (1981) A survey of sorption relationships for reactive solutes in soil. J Environ Qual 10:8–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Troiano J, Garretson C, Krauter C, Brownell J, Huston J (1993) Influence of amount and method of irrigation water application on leaching of atrazine. J Environ Qual 22:290–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1991) National primary drinking water regulations, final rule. Fed Reg 56(20):3526–3594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Utermann J, Kladivko EJ, Jury WA (1990) Evaluating pesticide migration in tile-drained soils with a transfer function model. J Environ Qual 19:707–714.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT, Davidson JM, Wierenga PJ (1974) An evaluation of kinetic and equilibrium equations for the prediction of pesticide movement through porous media. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 38:29–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ (1976) Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. I. Analytical solution. Soil Sei Soc Am J 40:473–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ (1977) Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. II. Experimental evaluation with tritium (3H20). Soil Sei Soc Am J 41: 272–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT, Wierenga PJ, O’Conner GA (1977) Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media: III. Experimental evaluations with 2,4,5-T. Soil Sei Soc Am J 41:278–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT (1981) Non-equilibrium transport parameters from miscible displacement experiments. Research Report 119, U.S. Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT, Dalton FN (1986) Models for simulating salt movement in aggregated field soils. Geoderma 38:165–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MT, Wagenet RJ (1989) Two-site/two-region models for pesticide transport and degradation: theoretical development and analytical solutions. Soil Sei Soc Am J 53:1303–1310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Stryk FG, Bolton EF (1977) Atrazine residues in tile-drain water from corn plots as affected by cropping practices and fertility levels. Can J Soil Sei 57:249–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenet RJ, Hutson JL (1986) Predicting the fate of nonvolatile pesticides in the unsaturated zone. J Environ Qual 15:315–322.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Gamble DS, Langford CH (1990) Interaction of atrazine with laurentian fulvic acid: binding and hydrolysis. Anal Chim Acta 232:181–188.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Gamble DS, Langford CH (1992) Interaction of atrazine with Laurentian soil. Environ Sei Technol 26:560–565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wauchope RD, Myers RS (1985) Adsorption-desorption kinetics of atrazine and linuron in freshwater-sediment aqueous slurries. J Environ Qual 14:132–136.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wauchope RD, Buttler TM, Hornsby AG, Augustjin-Beckers PWM, Burt HM (1992) The SCS/ARS/CES pesticide properties database for environmental decision making. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123:1–164.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber JB (1993) Ionization and sorption of fomesafen and atrazine by soils and soil constituents. Pestic Sei 39:31–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weed DA J, Kanwar RS, Stoltenberg DE, Pfeiffer RL (1995) Dissipation and distribution of herbicides in the soil profile. J Environ Qual 24:68–79.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welhouse GJ, Bleam WF (1993) Cooperative hydrogen bonding of atrazine. Environ Sei Technol 27:500–505.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whang JM, Schomburg CJ, Glotfelty DE, Taylor AW (1993) Volatilization of fonofos, chlorpyrifos, and atrazine from conventional and no-till surface soils in the field. J Environ Qual 22:173–180.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White AW, Barnett AP, Wright BG, Holladay JH (1967) Atrazine losses from fallow land caused by runoff and erosion. Environ Sei Technol 1:740–744.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White JL (1976) Clay-pesticide interactions. In: Kaufman DD, Still G, Paulson GD, Bandal SK (eds) Bound and Conjugated Pesticide Residues. ACS Symposium Series 29. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 208–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widmer SK, Olson JM, Koskinen WC (1993) Kinetics of atrazine hydrolysis in water. J Environ Sei Health B28:19–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wienhold BJ, Gish TJ (1992) Effect of water potential, temperature, and soil microbial activity on release of starch-encapsulated atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 21:382–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wienhold BJ, Sadeghi AM, Gish TJ (1993) Effect of starch encapsulation and temperature on volatilization of atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 22:162–166.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wienhold BJ, Gish TJ (1994) Effect of formulation and tillage practice on volatilization of atrazine and alachlor. J Environ Qual 23:292–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) (1988) Summary of groundwater pesticides monitoring for 07/01/83 through 06/30/87. Prepared by staff of WDNR, June 23, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaron B, Gerstl Z, Spencer WF (1985) Behavior of herbicides in irrigated soils. Adv Soil Sei 3:121–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ma, L., Selim, H.M. (1996). Atrazine Retention and Transport in Soils. In: Ware, G.W., Gunther, F.A. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 145. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2354-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2354-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7513-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2354-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics