Abstract
In late 1985 and early 1986 an analysis of the impact of the soda ash/chlor-alkali facility on Onondaga Lake and adjoining systems was conducted by Effler (1987) in anticipation of the closure of the plant. Effects of the ionic waste discharge of the facility identified (Effler 1987), included: (1) ionic enrichment, (2) altered stratification regime of the lake, (3) altered exchange between the lake and river, (4) altered hydrodynamics in the river downstream of the lake, (5) precipitation and deposition of large quantities of CaCO3, and (6) altered chemistry of lake sediments regulating P availability. It was concluded (Effler 1987) that mercury and benzene and chlorobenzene wastes from the facility had contaminated the lake sediments and fish of the lake. Deleterious impacts of the facility identified by Effler (1987) included: the elimination of fish habitat, exacerbation of the problem of limited O2 resources of the lake, contamination of fish flesh, exacerbation of the problem of low transparency of the lake, and severe O2 depletion in the lower waters of the river system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahlgren, I. 1978. Responses of Lake Norrviken to reduced nutrient loading. Verh Int Ver Limnol 20: 846–850.
Auer, M.T., Johnson, N.A., Penn, M.R., and Effler, S.W. 1993. Measurement and verification of rates of sediment phosphorus release for a hypereutrophic urban lake. Hydrobiologia 253: 301– 309.
Bloom, N.S., and Effler, S.W. 1990. Seasonal variability in the mercury speciation of Onondaga Lake (New York). Water Air Soil Pollut 53: 251–265.
Canale, R.P., Owens, E.M., Auer, M.T., and Effler, S.W. 1994. Validation of a water quality model for Seneca River, NY. J Water Resour Plan Manag ASCE 121: 241–250.
Dean, W.E., and Eggleston, J.R. 1984. Freshwater oncolites created by industrial pollution, Onondaga Lake, New York. Sediment Geol 40: 217–232.
DePinto, J.V. 1994. Role of mass balance modeling in research and management of toxic chemicals in the Great Lakes: the Green Bay mass balance study. Great Lakes Res Review 1: 1–8.
Doerr, S.M., Effler, S.W., Whitehead, K.A., Auer, M.T., Perkins, M.G., and Heidtke, T.M. 1994. Chloride model for polluted Onondaga Lake. Water Res 28: 849–861.
Driscoll, C.T., Effler, S.W., Auer, M.T., Doerr, S.M., and Penn, M.R. 1993. Supply of phosphorus to the water column of a productive hardwater lake: controlling mechanisms and management considerations. Hydrobiologia 253: 61 -72.
Driscoll, C.T., Effler, S.W., and Doerr, S.M. 1994. Changes in inorganic carbon chemistry and CaC03 deposition in Onondaga Lake, New York. Environ Sei Technol 28: 1211–1218.
Edmondson, W.T., and Lehman, J.T. 1981. The effect of changes in nutrient income on the conditions of Lake Washington. Limnol Oeeanogr 26: 1–29.
Effler, S.W. (Ed.). 1982. A Preliminary Water Quality Analysis of the Three Rivers System, Upstate Freshwater Institute, Syracuse, NY.
Effler, S.W. 1987. The impact of a chlor-alkali plant on Onondaga Lake and adjoining systems. Water Air Soil Pollut 33: 85–115.
Effler, S.W., Baker, J., Carter, C., Hsu, H.S., Juran, P., Khalid, M.T., McCarthy, J.M., Shafran, G.C., Schechler, W.D., Unangst, F.J., and Yin, C.Q. 1984a. Chemical stratification in the Seneca/ Oswego Rivers (NY). Water Air Soil Pollut 21: 335–350.
Effler, S.W., Brooks, C.M., Addess, J.M., Doerr, S.M., Storey, M.L., and Wagner, B.A. 1991. Pollutant loadings from Solvay waste beds to lower Ninemile Creek, New York. Water Air Soil Pollut 55: 427–444.
Effler, S.W., Brooks, C.M., and Whitehead, K.A. 1995a. Domestic waste inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to Onondaga Lake, and water quality implications. Lake Reservoir Manag (in review).
Effler, S.W., Brooks, C.M., Whitehead, K., Wagner, B.A., Doerr, S.M., Perkins, M.G., Siegfried, C.A., and Carale, R.P. 1995b. Impact of zebra musrel invasion on river water quality. Res J Water Pollut Control Fed (in press).
Effler, S.W., Devan, S.P., and Rodgers, P. 1985a. Chloride loading to Lake Ontario from Onondaga Lake, NY. J Great Lakes Res 11: 53–58.
Effler, S.W., Doerr, S.M., Brooks, C.M., and Rowell, H.C. 1990. Chloride in the pore water and water column of Onondaga Lake, NY. U.S.A. Water Air Soil Pollut 51: 315–326.
Effler, S.W., and Driscoll, C.T. 1985. Calcium chemistry and deposition in ionically enriched Onondaga Lake, New York. Environ Sei Technol 19: 716–720.
Effler, S.W., and Driscoll, C.T. 1986. A chloride budget for Onondaga Lake New York, U.S.A. Water Air Soil Pollut 27: 29–44.
Effler, S.W., Driscoll, C.T., Wodka, M.C., Honstein, R., Devan, S.P., Juran, P., and Edwards, T. 1985a. Phosphorus cycling in ionically polluted Onondaga Lake, New York. Water Air Soil Pollut 24: 121–130.
Effler, S.W., Johnson, D.L., Jiao, J.F., and Perkins, M.G. 1992. Optical impacts and sources of suspended solids in Onondaga Creek, U.S.A. Water Resour Bull 28: 251–262.
Effler, S.W., Juran, P., and Carter, C.F. 1982. Onondaga Lake and dissolved oxygen in Seneca River. J Environ Engin ASCE 109: 945–951.
Effler, S.W., and Owens, E.M. 1986. The density of inflows to Onondaga Lake, U.S.A., 1980 and 1981. Water Air Soil Pollut 28: 105–115.
Effler, S.W., and Owens, E.M. 1987. Modifications in phosphorus loading to Onondaga Lake, U.S.A., associated with alkali manufacturing. Water Air Soil Pollut 32: 177–182.
Effler, S.W., Owens, E.M., and Schimel, K.A. 1986. Density stratification in ionically enriched Onondaga Lake, U.S.A. Water Air Soil Pollut 27: 247–258.
Effler, S.W., and Perkins, M.G. 1987. Failure of spring turnover, in Onondaga Lake, NY. U.S.A. Water Air Soil Pollut 34: 285–291.
Effler, S.W., Perkins, M.G., Greer, H., and Johnson, D.L. 1987. Effects of whiting on turbidity and optical properties in Owasco Lake, NY. Water Resour Bull 23: 189–196.
Effler, S.W., Perkins, M.G., and Wagner, B.A. 1991. Optics of Little Sodus Bay. J Great Lakes Res 17: 109–119.
Effler, S.W., Rand, M.C., and Tamayo, T.A. 1979. The effect of heavy metals and other pollutants on the sediment of Onondaga Lake. Water Air Soil Pollut 12: 117–134.
Effler, S.W., Schimel, K., and Millero, F.J. 1986b. Salinity, chloride, and density relationships in ion enriched Onondaga Lake, NY. Water Air Soil Pollut 27: 169–180.
Effler, S.W., and Siegfried, C.A. 1994. Zebra musrel (Dreissena polymorpha) populations in the Seneca River, New York: impact on oxygen resources. Environ Sei Teehnol 28: 2216–2221.
Effler, S.W., Wodka, M.C., and Field, S.D. 1984b. Scattering and absorption of light in Onondaga Lake. J Environ Engin 110: 1134–1145.
EPRI. 1987. Measurement of bioavailable mercury species in fresh water and sediments. Prepared by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Fargeng, B.A., and Nilssen, J.P. 1981. A twenty year study of eutrophication in a deep soft-water lake. Verh Int Ver Limnol 21: 412–424.
Forsberg, C., and Ry ding, S.-0.1980. Eutrophication parameters and trophic state indices in 30 Swedish waste-receiving lakes. Arch Hydrobiol 89: 189–207.
Getchell, F.A. 1983. Subsidence in the Tully Valley, New York. Masters Thesis, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY.
Haslauer, J., Moog, O., and Plum, M. 1984. The effect of sewage removal on lake water quality (Fuschlsee, Austria). Arch Hydrobiol 101: 113 –134.
Hennigan, R.D. 1990. America’s dirtiest lake. Clearwaters 19: 8–13.
Johnson, D.J., Jiao, J., DeSantos, G., and Effler, S.W. 1991. Individual particle analysis of suspended materials in Onondaga Lake, NY. Environ Sei Teehnol 25: 736–744.
Keto, J. 1982. The recovery of Lake Vesijarvi following sewage diversion. Hydrobiologia 86: 195– 199.
Kosinski, A.J. 1985. “Analytical Critique” of Summary Consultants Report: Relationship of Brining Operations in the Tully Valley to the Behavior of Groundwater and Geological Resources. Albany, NY.
Madsen, J.D., Eichler, L.W., Sutherland, J.W., Bloomfield, J.A., Smart, R.M., and Boylen, C.W. 1992. “Submersed Littoral Vegetation Distribution: Field Quantification and Experimental Analysis of Sediment types from Onondaga Lake, New York”. Report submitted to Onondaga Lake Management Conference. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experienced Station, Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility, Lewisville, TX, May 1992.
Meyer, M.A., and Effler, S.W. 1980. Changes in the zooplantiton of Ornondaga Lake, 1969–1978. Environ Pollut (Series A) 23: 131–152.
NYSDEC. 1990. Mercury Sediments—Onondaga Lake. Engineering Investigation at Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites, Phase II Investigation, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Volume 1, Albany, NY.
O’Brien & Gere Engineers Inc. 1973. Environmental Assessment Statement, Syracuse Metropolitan Sewage Treatment Plant and West Side Pump Station and Force Main. Submitted to Onondaga County, Syracuse, NY.
Onondaga County. 1971. Onondaga Lake Study. Project No. 11060, FAE 4/71. Water Quality Office, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Control Research Series.
Owens, E.M., and Effler, S.W. 1989. Changes in stratification in Onondaga Lake, New York. Water Resour Bull 25: 587–597.
PTI Environmental Services. 1991. Onondaga Lake RI/FS Work Plan. Bellevue, WA.
Remane, A., and Schlieper, C. 1971. Biology of Brackish Water, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Robertson, D.E., Sklarew, D.S., Olsen, K.B., Bloom, N.S., Crecelino, E.A., and Apt, C.W. 1987. Measurement of Bioavailable Mercury Species in Fresh Water and Sediments. Final Report to Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, project EA-5197 by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
Rooney, J. 1973. Memorandum (cited by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1974, Environmental Impact Statement on Wastewater Treatment Facilities Construction Grants for the Onondaga Lake Drainage Basin).
Rowell, H.C. 1992. Paleolimnology, Sediment Stratigraphy, and Water Quality History of Onondaga Lake, New York. Dissertation, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Syracuse, NY.
Ryding, S-O. 1981. Reversibility of man-induced eutrophication. Experiences of a lake recovery study in Sweden. Int Revue Ges Hydrobiol 66: 449–503.
Seger, E.S. 1980. The Fate of Heavy Metals in Onondaga Lake. Master’s Thesis. Clarkson College, Potsdam, NY.
Shilts, W.W. 1978. Genesis of mud boils. Can J Earth Sci 15: 1953–1968.
Smith, V.H., and Shapiro, J. 1981. Chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships in individual lakes, their importance to lake restoration strategies. Environ Sci Technol 15: 444–451.
Sonzogni, W.C., Fitzgerald, G.P., and Lee, G.F. 1975. Effects of wastewater diversion on the Lower Madison Lakes. J Water Pollut Cont Fed 47: 535–542.
Stewart, K.M. 1978. Infrared imagery and thermal transects of Onondaga Lake, NY. Verh Internat Verin Limnol 20: 496–501.
SURC (Syracuse University Research Corporation). 1966. Onondaga Lake Survey, 1964–1965. Final Report. Prepared for Onondaga County Department of Public Works. Syracuse, NY.
Tully, W.P. 1983. Summary Consultants Report. Relationship of Brining Operations in the Tully Valley to the Behavior of Groundwater and Geological Resources. Submitted to Allied Chemical Corporation.
USEPA. 1973. Report of Mercury Source Investigation, Onondaga Lake, New York, and Allied Chemical Corporation, Solvay, New York. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
USEPA. 1974. Environmental Impact Statement on Wastewater Treatment Facilities Construction Grants for the Onondaga Lake Drainage Basin. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Region II. New York, NY.
USEPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia—1984. Office of Water Regulations and Standards Criteria and Standards Division, Washington, DC.
USEPA, and NYSDEC. 1994. Lakewide Impacts of Critical Pollutants on United State Boundary Waters of Lake Ontario. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
U.S. Senate, Committee on Environmental and Public Works, Subcommittee on Water Resources. Transportation and Infrastructure. 1989. Onondaga Lake Restoration Act of 1989. Hearing 101–80, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Wang, W. 1993. Patterns of total mercury concentration in Onondaga Lake. Master’s Thesis. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY.
Weidemann, A.D., Bannister, T.T., Effler, S.W., and Johnson, D.L. 1985. Particle and optical properties during CaC03 precipitation in Otisco Lake. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 1078–1083.
Welch, E.B., Rock, C.A., Howe, R.C., and Perkins, M.A. 1980. Lake Sammamish response to wastewater diversion and increasing urban runoff. Water Res 14: 821–828.
Wodka, M.C., Effler, S.W., and Driscoll, C.T. 1985. Phosphorus deposition from the epilimnion of Onondaga Lake. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 833–843.
Yin, C., and Johnson, D.L. 1984. An individual particle analysis and budget study of Onondaga Lake sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 29: 1193–1201
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Effler, S.W. (1996). Synthesis and Perspectives. In: Effler, S.W. (eds) Limnological and Engineering Analysis of Polluted Urban Lake. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2318-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2318-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7500-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2318-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive