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Alcohol, Anesthetics, and Analgesics in Autoimmune Reactivity

  • Chapter
Autoimmune Reactions

Part of the book series: Contemporary Immunology ((CONTIM))

  • 129 Accesses

Abstract

Alcohol, anesthetics, and analgesics in general are relatively safe and well tolerated. However, one of the most common side effects of these agents is the development of severe liver injury and death owing to liver failure. Hepatotox-icity is most likely owing to the fact that these agents are generally metabolized in the liver. The liver injury can involve direct cell toxicity (necrosis), chole-stasis (cessation of bile flow), or steatosis (fatty liver). Recent attention has focused on the hepatocyte as a direct target for hepatotoxic agents because it makes up such a substantial portion of the liver and is the most active in the biotranformation of drugs to toxic metabolites. However, injury to the liver can also involve nonparenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, stellated cells, and other cells lining the hepatic sinusoids and bile ducts. The timing from administration of the agent to the onset of liver injury is variable, and it appears that only a small fraction of individuals receiving therapy are affected. In addition, the lesions often are not reproducible in experimental animals, leaving the mechanism(s) of immune-related injury caused by reactive metabolite(s) poorly understood. One important area of study concerns the identity of tissue proteins serving as targets of the reactive metabolites. A number of approaches have been developed for the sensitive detection, identification, and characterization of the protein targets, which have been utilized to characterize the autoantibody responses and the identification of proteins serving as auto-antigens in autoimmune hepatitis associated with alcohol, anesthetics and anti-inflammatory agents.

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  1. Geoffrey M. Thiele
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  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA

    Sudhir Paul

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Thiele, G.M., Tuma, D.J., Klassen, L.W. (1999). Alcohol, Anesthetics, and Analgesics in Autoimmune Reactivity. In: Paul, S. (eds) Autoimmune Reactions. Contemporary Immunology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1610-0_21

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