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Modulation of Membrane Permeability

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Cell Encapsulation Technology and Therapeutics

Abstract

A majority of mammalian cells, unlike bacterial cells, are anchorage-dependent (Young 1993), a fact that has encouraged the development of immobilization systems. One such, the adsorption or attachment technique (van Wezel 1967), whereby cells are adhered to the surface of microcarriers, suffers several drawbacks. Not only are the strength and stability of the adhesive bonds influenced by formulation and other factors, but the cells are exposed to the abrasion arising from the hydrodynamic forces in an agitated culture system. Although this is not a problem in bacterial culture, where cell walls are thick and protective, considerable cellular damage occurs in animal cells, which are fragile and highly vulnerable to shear forces (Croughan et al 1987). Furthermore, in cell transplantation therapy, this approach does not afford the cells the necessary immunoprotection. Another approach that has been investigated is cell entrapment in a polymer gel or porous matrix. Although this method enhances greatly the available surface, and hence the cell density of the system, the problems of vulnerability to shear and immune assault are at best only partially mitigated. An additional complication is that the gel structure may actually inhibit metabolic exchanges that are vital and, indeed critical, for cell surviability and viability. Encapsulation currently enjoys the widest acceptance and application, and has been used to modify both adsorbed cell and gel-entrapped cell systems for greater efficiency and effectiveness (Okhamafe and Goosen 1993, Young et al 1989).

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Authors
  1. Augustine O. Okhamafe
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  2. Mattheus F. A. Goosen
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. BioHybrid Technologies, Inc., Shrewsbury, MA, 05145, USA

    Willem M. Kühtreiber PhD  & William L. Chick MD  & 

  2. Tissue Engineering & Transplant Medicine, Advanced Cell Technology, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA

    Robert P. Lanza MD

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© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Okhamafe, A.O., Goosen, M.F.A. (1999). Modulation of Membrane Permeability. In: Kühtreiber, W.M., Lanza, R.P., Chick, W.L. (eds) Cell Encapsulation Technology and Therapeutics. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1586-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1586-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7205-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-1586-8

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