Abstract
This paper addresses two key issues in multimedia databases: efficient management of large image libraries and digital copyright protection. We introduce an image representation which efficiently stores a large collection of images while simultaneously providing content-based access to the images. The new algorithm is designed to minimize a weighted sum of the expected compressed image sizes and the expected query response time. The system supports several advanced features, including compressed data modification and a progressive refinement retrieval based on low complexity bit pattern matching. The second issue we address is encoding hidden copyright information, i.e., a digital watermark, into digital data. We introduce a technique to watermark multimedia using the masking properties of the human auditory and visual systems. The watermarking technique is shown to be extremely robust to data distortions, including low bit rate coding and colored noise.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
M. Flickner, H. Sawhney, W. Niblack, J. Ashley, Q. Huang, B. Dom, M. Gorkani, J. Hafner, D. Lee, D. Petkovic, D. Steele, and P. Yanker, “Query by Image and Video Content: The QBIC System,” Computer, vol. 28, pp. 23–32, Sept. 1995.
A. E. Cawkell, “Picture Queries and Picture Databases,” Journal of Info. Sciences, vol. 19, pp. 409–423, 1993.
A. Pentland, R. W. Picard, and S. Sclaroff, “Photobook: Content-Based Manipulation of Image Databases.” MIT Media Lab Tech Report No. 19 255, 1993.
C. E. Jacobs, A. Finkelstein, and D. H. Salesin, “Fast Multiresolution Image Querying,” in Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics, (Los Angeles, CA), pp. 19 277–286, 1995.
B. S. Manjunath and W. Y. Ma, “Browsing Large Satellite and Aerial Photographs,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Proc., (Lausanne, Switzerland), 19 pp. 765–768, 1996.
K. Hirata and T. Kato, “Rough Sketch-Based Image Information Retrieval,” NEC Research f4 Development, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 263–273, 1993.
J. Gary and R. Mehrotra, “Shape Similarity-Based Retrieval in Image Database Systems,” SPIE Image Storage and Retrieval Systems, vol. 1662, pp. 2–8, 1992.
H. C. Lin, L. L. Wang, and S. N. Yang, “Color Image Retrieval Based on Hidden Markov Models,” in Proc. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Proc., (Washington, DC), 19pp. 342–345, 1995.
D. A. Knuth, The Art of Computer Science: Sorting and Searching, vol. 3. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1973.
M. D. Swanson and A. H. Tewfik, “Embedded Object Dictionaries for Image Database Browsing and Searching,” in Proc. 1996 Int. Conf. on Image Proc., vol. III, (Lausanne, Switzerland), pp. 875–878, 1996.
M. Vetterli, Wavelets and Subband Coding. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: P T R Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.
S.-F. Chang and D. Messerschmitt, “Transform Coding of Arbitrarily-Shaped Image Segments,” Proc. ACM Multimedia, (Anaheim, CA),34 pp. 83–90, 1993.
G. Wallace, “The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 30–44, 1991.
A. Gersho and R. Gray, Vector Quantization and Signal Compression. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic, 1992.
Z. Huang and F. S. Cohen, “Affine-Invariant B-Spline Moments for Curve Matching,” IEEE Trans. on Image Proc., vol. 5, pp. 1473–1480, Oct. 1996.
R. Rivest, “Cryptography,” in Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science (J. van Leeuwen, ed.), vol. 1, ch. 13, pp. 717–755, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990.
R. G. van Schyndel, A. Z. Tirkel, and C. F. Osborne, “A Digital Watermark,” in Proc. 1994 IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Proc., vol. II, (Austin, TX), pp. 86–90, 1994.
W. Bender, D. Gruhl, and N. Morimoto, “Techniques for Data Hiding.” Tech. Rep., MIT Media Lab, 1994.
J. R. Smith and B. O. Comiskey, “Modulation and Information Hiding in Images,” in Proc. 1996 Workshop on Information Hiding, (Cambridge, UK), 1996.
R. Wolfgang and E. Delp, “A Watermark for Digital Images,” in Proc. 1996 Int. Conf. on Image Proc., vol. III, (Lausanne, Switzerland), pp. 219–222, 1996.
I. Pitas and T. Kaskalis, “Applying Signatures on Digital Images,” in Proc. 1995 IEEE Nonlinear Signal Processing Workshop, (Thessaloniki, Greece), pp. 460–463, 1995.
E. Koch and J. Zhao, “Towards Robust and Hidden Image Copyright Labeling,” in Proc. 1995 IEEE Nonlinear Signal Processing Workshop, (Thessaloniki, Greece), 19pp. 452–455, 1995.
I. Cox, J. Kilian, T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, “Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia.” Tech. Rep. 95–10, NEC Research Institute, 1995.
A. Bors and I. Pitas, “Image Watermarking using DCT Domain Constraints,” in Proc. 1996 Int. Conf. on Image Proc., vol. III, (Lausanne, Switzerland), pp. 231–234,1996.
F. Boland, J. O. Ruanaidh, and C. Dautzenberg, “Watermarking Digital Images for Copyright Protection,” in Proc. of IEE Intl. Conf. on Image Proc. and Its Applications, (Edinburgh, Scotland), III pp. 321–326, 1995.
J. J. K. O Ruanaidh, W. J. Dowling, and F. M. Boland, “Phase Watermarking of Digital Images,” in Proc. 1996 Int. Conf. on Image Proc., vol. III, (Lausanne, Switzerland), pp. 239–242, 1996.
E. Adelson, “Digital Signal Encoding and Decoding Apparatus.” U. S. Patent 4,939–515, 1990.
F. Hartung and B. Girod, “Digital Watermarking of Raw and Compressed Video,” in Proc. of the SPIE Dig. Comp. Tech. and Systems for Video Comm., vol. 2952, pp. 205–213, Oct. 1996.
S. Craver, N. Memon, B.-L. Yeo, and M. Yeung, “Can Invisible Watermarks Resolve Rightful Ownerships?.” IBM Research Technical Report RC 20–509,IBM CyberJournal, July 1996.
M. D. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. Tewfik, “Data Hiding for Video in Video and Other Applications.” Submitted to 5th ACM Mt. Multimedia Conference, Nov., 1997.
S. Goldwater and M. Bellare, “Lecture Notes on Cryptography.” Preprint, July 1996.
G. E. Legge and J. M. Foley, “Contrast Masking in Human Vision,” J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 1458–1471, 1980.
B. Zhu, A. Tewfik, and O. Gerek, “Low Bit Rate Near-Transparent Image Coding,” in Proc. of the SPIE Int. Conf. on Wavelet Apps. for Dual Use, vol. 2491, (Orlando, FL), pp. 173–184, 1995.
B. Girod, “The Information Theoretical Significance of Spatial and Temporal Masking in Video Signals,” in Proc. of the SPIE Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display, vol. 1077, pp. 178–187, 1989.
J. Johnston and K. Brandenburg, “Wideband coding-perceptual considerations for speech and music,” in Advances in Speech Signal Processing (S. Furui and M. Sondhi, eds.), New York: Dekker, 1992.
P. Noll, “Wideband speech and audio coding,” IEEE Communications,81 pp. 34–44, Nov. 1993.
ISO/CEI, “`Codage de l’image animee et du son associe pour les supports de stockage numerique jusqu’a environ 1,5 mbit/s,” Tech. Rep. 11172, ISO/CEI, 1993.
N. Jayant, J. Johnston, and R. Safranek, “Signal Compression Based on Models of Human Perception,” Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 81, pp. 1385–1422, Oct. 1993.
D. Taubman and A. Zakhor, “Multirate 3-D Subband Coding of Video,” IEEE Trans. on Image Proc., vol. 3, pp. 572–588, Sept. 1994.
H. L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, vol. 1. New York: Wiley, 1968.
M. D. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. Tewfik, “Robust Image Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking.” Submitted to IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 1997.
M. D. Swanson, B. Zhu, A. Tewfik, and L. Boney, “Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking.” Submitted to Signal Processing, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Swanson, M.D., Tewfik, A.H. (1999). Issues in Multimedia Databases: Coding for Content-Based Image Retrieval and Digital Copyright Protection. In: Cybenko, G., O’Leary, D.P., Rissanen, J. (eds) The Mathematics of Information Coding, Extraction and Distribution. The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, vol 107. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1524-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1524-0_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7178-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-1524-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive