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Nitrergic Neurogenic Control of Resistance Blood Vessels

  • Chapter
Nitric Oxide and Free Radicals in Peripheral Neurotransmission

Part of the book series: Nitric Oxide in Biology and Medicine ((NOBM,volume 2))

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Abstract

Until two decades ago, chemical transmission from autonomic innervation to vascular effector tissues was thought to be mediated mainly by norepinephrine and acetylcholine. However, it was noted that despite pharmacological blockade of adrenergic receptors, electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves still evoked residual vasoconstriction in several vascular beds in experimental animals (Folkow and Uvnas,1948 Lundberg and Tatemoto,1982). Direct evidence from examining neuroeffector transmission in isolated vascular preparations using in vitro tissue bath techniques has indicated that contraction and relaxation of isolated blood vessels upon field electrical stimulation of the intramural nerves persist in the presence of adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists (Lee and Bevan, 1974 Lee et al., 1975 Lee and Bevan, 1976 Lee and Bevan, 1978 Lee and Bevan, 1980 Von Kugelgen and Starke, 1985 Burnstock and Kennedy, 1986 Morris and Murphy, 1988). These findings, particularly those from in vitro studies using isolated preparations, have led to the evolution of new paradigms for neuroeffector communication in which norepinephrine and acetylcholine are not the respective primary vasoconstrictor and dilator transmitters, for example, in cerebral vascular beds, and a second transmitter substance from each type of nerve is predominant in mediating vasoconstriction and dilation (Lee and Bevan, 1974 Lee et al., 1975 Lee,1986). Accruing evidence has now clearly indicated that several substances other than norepinephrine and acetylcholine are involved in autonomic neurotransmission in various vascular beds (Burnstock, 1972 Su and Lee, 1976; Lee, 1994). Foremost among this has been the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a cellular messenger.

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Authors
  1. Tony J.-F. Lee
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  2. Raj Mishra
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  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY, 10031, USA

    Stanley Kalsner Ph.D.

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Lee, T.JF., Mishra, R. (2000). Nitrergic Neurogenic Control of Resistance Blood Vessels. In: Kalsner, S. (eds) Nitric Oxide and Free Radicals in Peripheral Neurotransmission. Nitric Oxide in Biology and Medicine, vol 2. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1328-4_7

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