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Purinergic Receptors, Nitric Oxide, and Regional Blood Flow

  • Chapter
Nitric Oxide and the Regulation of the Peripheral Circulation

Part of the book series: Nitric Oxide in Biology and Medicine ((NOBM,volume 1))

  • 68 Accesses

Summary

Extracellular purines and pyrimidines regulate blood flow by pronounced effects on vascular tone mediated via cell surface purinergic receptors. There are two superfamilies of purinergic receptors: Pl receptors, recognizing adenosine, and P2 receptors, recognizing primarily ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP. Pl receptors are further subdivided into four subtypes, A1 A2A, A2B, and A3, all of which couple to G proteins. P2 receptors are divided according to whether they are ligand-gated ion channels (P2X receptors) or are coupled to G proteins (P2Y receptors). Seven P2X and seven P2Y receptor proteins have been cloned to date. Members of both the Pl and P2 receptor families are expressed on blood vessels, smooth muscle, endothelium, and perivascular nerves, according to distinct patterns of distribution, where they are associated with specific effects on vascular tone. Nitric oxide (NO) is released from the endothelium and from perivascular nerves in some vessels, to act as a mediator and modulator of responses elicited by purines anpyrimidines. This chapter examines the relationship between vascular purinergic receptors and NO in the control of blood flow.

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Authors
  1. Vera Ralevic
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  2. Geoffrey Burnstock
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA

    Philip J. Kadowitz Ph.D.  & Dennis B. McNamara Ph.D.  & 

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Ralevic, V., Burnstock, G. (2000). Purinergic Receptors, Nitric Oxide, and Regional Blood Flow. In: Kadowitz, P.J., McNamara, D.B. (eds) Nitric Oxide and the Regulation of the Peripheral Circulation. Nitric Oxide in Biology and Medicine, vol 1. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1326-0_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1326-0_5

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7095-9

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