Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Inflammatory Conditions on the Heart

  • Chapter
Multiple Organ Failure

Abstract

The heart plays a central role in multiple organ failure associated with inflammatory conditions during the course of sepsis or after cardiac surgery.1 Although appearing dissimilar at first, the conditions may have in common the generalized inflammatory state and the circulatory (i.e., cardiac) response to it (Fig. 35.1). This chapter describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic approach to myocardial dysfunction associated with sepsis and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Groeneveld ABJ, Schneider AJ, Thijs LG: Cardiac alterations in septic shock pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognostic and therapeutic implications. In; Vincent J-L (ed) Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 14. Berlin, Springer, 1991; 126–136.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Calvin JE, Driedger AA, Sibbald WJ: An assessment of myocardial function in human sepsis utilizing ECG gated cardiac scintigraphy. Chest 1981; 80: 579–586.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Bacharach SL: Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med 1984; 100: 483–490.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ellrodt AG, Riedinger MS, Kimchi A, et al: Left ventricular performance in septic shock: reversible segmental and global abnormalities. Am Heart J 1985; 110: 402–409.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rackow EC, Kaufman BS, Falk JL, Astiz ME, Weil MH: Hemodynamic response to fluid repletion in patients with septic shock: evidence for early depression of cardiac performance. Circ Shock 1987; 22: 11–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Abel FL; Myocardial function in sepsis and endotoxin shock. Am J Physiol 1990; 257: R1265–R1281.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jardin F, Brun-Ney D, Auvert B, Beauchet A, Bourdarias P: Sepsis-related cardiogenic shock. Grit Gare Med 1990; 18: 1055–1060.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Weisel RD, Vito D, Dennis RC, Valeri CR, Hechtman HB: Myocardial depression during sepsis. Am J Surg 1977; 133: 512–521.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Parker MM, Suffredini AF, Natanson C, Ognibene FP, Shelhamer JH, Parrillo JE: Responses of left ventricular function in survivors and nonsurvivors of septic shock. J Crit Care 1989; 4: 19–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Parker MM, McCarthy KE, Ognibene FP, Parrillo JE: Right ventricular dysfunction and dilatation, similar to left ventricular changes, characterize the cardiac depression of septic shock in humans. Chest 1990; 97: 126–131.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Vincent J-L, Gris P, Coffernils M, Leon M, Pinsky M, Reuse C, Kahn RJ: Myocardial depression characterizes the fatal course of septic shock. Surgery 1992; 111: 660–667.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Parker MM, Ognibene FP, Parrillo JE: Peak systolic pressure/ end-systolic volume ratio, a load-independent measure of ventricular function, is reversibly decreased in human septic shock. Grit Care Med 1994; 22: 1955–1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Metrangolo L, Fiorillo M, Friedman G, et al: Early hemodynamic course of septic shock. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 1971–1975.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EHS, Palazzo M, Wation D, Hinds CJ: Oxygen transport patterns in patients with sepsis syndrome or septic shock: influence of treatment and relationship to outcome. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 926–936.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Groeneveld ABJ, Bronsveld W, Thijs LG: Hemodynamic determinants of mortality in human septic shock. Surgery 1986; 99; 140–152.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Böhm M, Kirchmayer R, Gierschik P, Erdmann E: Increase of myocardial inhibitory G-proteins in catecholamine-refractory septic shock or in septic multiorgan failure. Am J Med 1995; 98: 183–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ognibene FP, Parker MM, Natanson C, Shelhamer JH, Parrillo JE: Depressed left ventricular performance: response to volume infusion in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Chest 1988; 93: 903–910.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Silverman HJ, Penaranda R, Orens JB, Lee NH: Impaired β-adrenergic receptor stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human septic shock: association with myocardial hyporesponsiveness to catecholamines. Crit Care Med 1993; 21: 31–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Raper RF, Sibbald WJ: The effect of coronary artery disease on cardiac function in nonhypotensive sepsis. Chest 1988; 94: 507–511.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schneider AJ, Teule GJJ, Groeneveld ABJ, Nauta JJP, Heidendal GAK, Thijs LG: Biventricular performance during volume loading in patients with early septic shock, with emphasis on the right ventricle: a combined hemodynamic and radionuclide study. Am Heart J 1988; 116: 103–112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Raper R, Sibbald WJ, Driedger AA, Gerow K: Relative myocardial depression in normotensive sepsis. J Crit Care 1989; 4: 9–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Reilly JM, Cunnion RE, Burch-Whitman C, Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Parrillo JE: A circulating myocardial depressant substance is associated with cardiac dysfunction and peripheral hypoperfusion (lactic acidemia) in patients with septic shock. Chest 1989; 95: 1072–1080.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Martich GD, Parker MM, Cunnion RE, Suffredini AF: Effects of ibuprofen and pentoxifylline on the cardiovascular response of normal humans to endotoxin. J Appl Physiol 1992; 73: 925–931.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Poelaert J, Declerck C, Vogelaers D, Colardyn F, Visser CA: Left ventricular systolic and diastolic funciton in septic shock. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23: 553–560.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Suffredini AF, Fromm RE, Parker MM, et al: The cardiovascular response of normal humans to the administration of endotoxin. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 280–287.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kollef MH, Ladenson JH, Eisenberg PR: Clinically recognized cardiac dysfunction: an independent determinant of mortality among critically ill patients: is there a role for serial measurements of cardiac troponin I? Chest 1997; 111: 1340–1347.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Noble JS, Reid AM, Jordan LVM, Glen ACA, Davidson JAH: Troponin I and myocardial injury in the ICU. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82: 41–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Natanson C, Danner RL, Fink MP, et al: Cardiovascular performance with E. coli challenges in a canine model of human sepsis. Am J Physiol 1988; 254: H558–H569.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pasque MK, Van Trigt P, Pellom GL, Freedman BM, Wechsler AS: Assessment of the intrinsic contract status of the heart during sepsis by myocardial pressure-dimension analysis. Ann Surg 1988; 208: 110–117.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Schützer K-M, Haglund U, Falk A: Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in a feline septic shock model: possible role of leukotrienes. Circ Shock 1989; 29: 13–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Adams HR, Parker JL, Laughlin MH: Intrinsic myocardial dysfunction during endotoxemia: dependent or independent of myocardial ischemia? Circ Shock 1990; 30: 63–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Goldfarb RD, Lee KJ, Andrejuk T, Dziuban SW: End-systolic elastance as an evaluation of myocardial function in shock. Circ Shock 1990; 30: 15–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Raymond RM: When does the heart fail during shock? Circ Shock 1990; 30: 27–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Stahl TJ, Alden PB, Ring WS, Madoff RC, Cerra FB: Sepsis-induced diastolic dysfunction in chronic canine peritonitis. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: H625–H633.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Fujioka K, Sugi K, Isago T, et al: Thromboxane synthase inhibition and cardiopulmonary function during endotoxemia in sheep. J Appl Physiol 1991; 71: 1376–1381.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Solomon MA, Correa R, Alexander HR, et al: Myocardial energy metabolism and morphology in a canine model of sepsis. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H757–H768.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Freeman BD, Yatsiv I, Natanson C, et al: Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration does not improve survival in a canine model of septic shock. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 180: 286–292.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Herbertson MJ, Werner HA, Russell JA, Iversen K, Walley KR: Myocardial oxygen extraction ratio is decreased during endotoxemia in pigs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79: 479–486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Herbertson MJ, Werner HA, Goddard CM, et al: Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α prevents decreased ventricular contractility in endotoxemic pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 480–488.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Karzai W, Reilly JM, Hoffman WD, Cunnion RE, Danner RL, Natanson C: Hemodynamic effects of dopamine, norepinephrine, and fluids in a dog model of sepsis. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: H692–H702.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Mink SN, Wang R, Yang J, Jacobs H, Light RB: Effect of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration combined with systemic vasopressor therapy on depressed left ventricular contractility and tissue oxygen delivery in canine Escherichia coli sepsis. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 178–190.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Werner HA, Herbertson MJ, Walley KR: Amrinone increases ventricular contractility and diastolic compliance in endotoxemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 496–503.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Herbertson MJ, Werner HA, Walley KR: Nitric oxide synthase inhibition partially prevents decreased contractility during endotoxemia. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: H1979–H1984.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Herbertson MJ, Werner HA, Walley KR: Platelet-activating factor antagonism improves ventricular contractility in endotoxemia. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 221–226.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Granton JT, Goddard CM, Allard MF, Van Eeden S, Walley KR: Leukocytes and decreased left-ventricular contractility during endotoxemia in rabbits. Am J Respir Grit Care Med 1997; 155: 1977–1983.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ishihara S, Ward JA, Tasaki O, et al: Inhaled nitric oxide prevents left ventricular impairment during endotoxemia. J Appl Physiol 1998; 85: 2018–2024.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Bronsveld W, Van Lambalgen AA, Van Velzen D, Van den Bos GC, Koopman PAR, Thijs LG: Myocardial metabolic and morphometric changes during canine endotoxin shock before and after glucose-insulin-potassium Cardiovasc Res 1985; 19: 455–464.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kober PM, Thomas JX, Raymond RM: Increased myocardial contractility during endotoxin shock in dogs. Am J Physiol 1985; 249: H715–H722.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Piper RD, Yan Li F, Lee Myers M, Sibbald WJ: Structure-function relationships in the septic rat heart. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 1473–1482.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Forfia PR, Zhang X, Ochoa F, et al: Relationship between plasma NOx and cardiac and vascular dysfunction after LPS injection in anesthetized dogs. Am J Physiol 1998: 274: H193–H201.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Zhou M, Wang P, Chaudry IH: Cardiac contractility and structure are not significantly compromised even during the later, hypodynamic stage of sepsis. Shock 1998; 9: 352–358.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Bloos FM, Morisaki HM, Neal AM, Martin CM, Ellis CG, Sibbald WJ: Sepsis depresses the metabolic oxygen reserve of the coronary circulation in mature sheep. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1577–1584.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Tang C, Yang J, Wu L-L, Dong L-W, Liu M-S: Phosphorylation of beta-adrenergic receptor leads to its redistribution in rat heart during sepsis. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: R1078–R1086.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Rumsey WL, Kilpatrick L, Wilson DF, Erecinska M: Myocardial metabolism and coronary flow: effects of endotoxemia. Am J Physiol 1988; 255: H1295–H1304.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Law WR, McLane MP, Raymond RM: Insulin and β adrenergic effects during endotoxin shock: in vivo myocardial interactions. Cardiovasc Res 1990; 24: 72–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Pawlush DG, Musch TI, Bannar SM, Martin LF: Cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of chronic bacteremia. Circ Shock 1990; 31: 269–279.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Decking UKM, Flesche GCW, Godecke A, Schrader J: Endo-toxin-induced contractile dysfunction in guinea pig hearts is not mediated by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: H2460–H2465.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Rigby SL, Hofmann PA, Zhong J, Adams HR, Rubin LJ: Endotoxemia-induced myocardial dysfunction is not associated with changes in myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: H580–H590.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Munt B, Jue J, Gin K, Fenwick J, Tweeddale M: Diastolic filling in human severe sepsis: an echocardiographic study. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 1829–1833.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Dhainaut J-F, Pinsky MR, Nouria S, Slomka F, Brunet F: Right ventricular function in human sepsis: a thermodilution study. Chest 1997; 112: 1043–1049.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schneider AJ, Teule GJJ, Kester ADM, et al: Effects of vasodilators prostaglandin E1 and methylprednisolone on pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular performance during volume loading in porcine septic shock: a combined invasive and radionuclide study. Circ Shock 1987; 22: 141–154.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Schneider AJ, Groeneveld ABJ, Teule GJJ, Nauta J, Heidendal GAK, Thijs LG: Volume expansion, dobutamine, and noradrenaline for treatment of right ventricular dysfunction in porcine septic shock: a combined invasive and radionuclide study. Circ Shock 1987; 23: 93–106.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Schreuder WO, Schneider AJ, Groeneveld ABJ, Thijs LG: The effect of dopamine versus noradrenaline on hemodynamics in septic shock, with emphasis on right ventricular function. Chest 1989; 95: 1282–1288.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Redl G, Woodson L, Traber LD, et al: Mechanism of immuno-reactive atrial natriuretic factor release in an ovine model of endotoxemia. Circ Shock 1992; 38: 34–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Uchida T, Ichikawa K, Yokoyama K, Mitaka C, Toyooka H, Amaha K: Inhaled nitric oxide improved the outcome of severe right ventricular failure caused by lipopolysaccharide administration. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22: 1203–1206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. D’Orio V, Lambermont B, Detry O, et al: Pulmonary impedance and right ventricular-vascular coupling in endotoxin shock. Cardiovasc Res 1998; 38: 375–382.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Wanecek M, Rudehill A, Hemsén A, Lundberg JM, Weitzberg E: The endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, in combination with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, diclofenac, counteracts pulmonary hypertension in porcine endotoxin shock. Crit Care Med 1998; 25: 848–857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Teplinsky K, O’Toole M, Olman M, Walley KR, Wood LDH: Effect of lactic acidosis on canine hemodynamics and left ventricular function. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: H1193–H1199.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Pittet J-F, Morel DR, Hemsén A, et al: Elevated plasma endothelin-1 concentrations are associated with the severity of illness in patients with sepsis. Ann Surg 1991; 213: 261–264.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Battistini B, Forget M-A, Leight D: Potential roles for endothelins in systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a particular relationship to cytokines. Shock 1996; 5: 167–183.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Bessayag G, Christeff N, Auclair M-C, et al: Early released lipid-soluble cardiodepressant factor and activated oestrogenic substances in human septic shock. Eur J Clin Invest 1984; 14: 288–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Hallström S, Koidl B, Müller U, Werdan K, Schlag G: A cardiodepressant factor isolated from blood blocks Ca2+ current in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: H869–H876.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Kumar A, Thota V, Deel L, Olson J, Uretz E, Parrillo JE: Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β are responsible for in vitro myocardial depression induced by human septic shock serum. J Exp Med 1996; 183: 949–957.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Mohammed FI, Liu M-S: Impairment in the phosphorylation of canine cardiac sarcoplasmatic reticulum following endotoxin administration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1990; 22: 587–598.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Kinugawa K-I, Takahashi T, Kohmoto O, et al: Nitric oxide-mediated effects of interleukin-6 on [Ca++]i and cell contraction in cultured chick ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1994; 75: 285–295.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Balligand J-L, Cannon PJ: Nitric oxide synthases and cardiac muscle: autocrine and paracrine influences. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 1846–1858.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Yasuda S, Lew WYW: Lipopolysaccharide depresses cardiac contractility and β-adrenergic contractile response by decreasing myofilament response to Ca2+ in cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 1997; 81: 1011–1020.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Zhong J, Hwang T-C, Admas HR, Rubin LJ: Reduced L-type calcium current in ventricular myocytes from endotoxemic guinea pigs. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: H2312–H2324.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Powers FM: Cardiac myofilament protein function is altered during sepsis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998; 30: 967–978.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Suto N, Mikuniya A, Okuba T, Hanada H, Shinozaki N, Okumura K: Nitric oxide modulates cardiac contractility and oxygen consumption without changing contractile efficiency. Am J Physiol 1998: 275: H41–H49.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Kilbourn RG, Szabo C, Traber DL: Beneficial versus detrimental effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in circulatory shock: lessons learned from experimental and clinical studies. Shock 1997; 7: 235–246.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Quezado ZMN, Karzai W, Danner RL, et al: Effects of L-NMMA and fluid loading on TNF-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in dogs. Am J Respir Grit Gare Med 1998; 157: 1397–1405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Preckel B, Kojda G, Schlack W, et al: Inotropic effects of glyceryl trinitrate and spontaneous NO donors in the dog heart. Circulation 1997; 96: 2675–2682.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Prendergast BD, Sagach VF, Shah AM: Basal release of nitric oxide augments in the Frank-Starling response in the isolated heart. Circulation 1997; 96: 1320–1329.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Massey CV, Kohout TA, Gaa ST, Lederer WJ, Rogers TB: Molecular and cellular actions of platelet-activating factor in rat heart cells. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 2106–2116.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Pugsley MK, Salari H, Walker MJA: Actions of platelet-activating factor on isolated rat hearts. Circ Shock 1991; 35: 207–214.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Kapadia S, Torre-Amione G, Yokoyama T, Mann DL: Soluble TNF binding proteins modulate the negative inotropic properties of TNF-α in vitro. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: H517–H525.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kumar A, Kosuri R, Kandula P, Dimou G, Allen J, Parrillo JE: Effects of epineprhine and amrinone on contractility and cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation of tumor necrosis factor-α-exposed cardiac myocytes. Crit Care Med 1999; 27: 286–292.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Amsterdam EA, Rendig SV, Longhurst JC: Contractile actions of C5a on isolated porcine myocardium. Am J Physiol 1992; 263: H74–H745.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Del Balzo U, Engler RL, Ito BR: Complement C5a-mediated myocardial ishcemia and neutrophil sequestration: two independent phenomena. Am J Physiol 1993; 264; H336–H344.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Heard SO, Baum TD, Feldman HS, Latka C, Fink MP: Lipo-polysaccharide-induced myocardial depression is not mediated by cyclooxygenase products. Grit Gare Med 1991; 19: 723–727.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Groeneveld ABJ, Hartemink KJ, De Groot MGM, Visser J, Thijs LG: Circulating endothelin and nitrate/nitrite relate to haemo-dynamic and metabolic variables in human septic shock. Shock 1999; 11: 160–166.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Vincent J-L, Bakker J, Marcaux G, Schandene L, Kahn RJ, Dupont E: Administration of anti-TNF antibody improves left ventricular function in septic shock patients: results of a pilot study. Chest 1992; 101: 810–815.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Daemen-Gubbels CRGM, Groeneveld PHP, Groeneveld ABJ, Van Kamp GJ, Bronsveld W, Thijs LG: Methylene blue increases myocardial function in septic shock. Grit Gare Med 1995; 23: 1363–1370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Avontuur JAM, Tutein Nolthenius RP, Buijk SLCE, Kanhai KJK, Braining HA: Effect of L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on cardiopulmonary function in human septic shock. Chest 1998; 113: 1640–1646.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Jones SB, Romano FD: Myocardial beta adrenergic receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase during developing septic shock. Circ Shock 1990; 30: 51–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Campbell KL, Forse RA: Endotoxin-exposed atria exhibit G protein-based deficits in inotropic regulation. Surgery 1993; 114: 471–479.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Paulus WJ, Kästner S, Pajudas P, Shah AM, Drexler H, Vanderheyden M: Left ventricular contractile effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the human allograft. Circulation 1997; 96: 3436–3442.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Joe EK, Schussheim AE, Longrois D, et al: Regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS): mechanisms of contractile depression by nitric oxide. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998; 30: 303–315.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Bernardin G, Strosberg AD, Bernard A, Mattei M, Marullo S: β-Adrenergic receptor-dependent and-independent stimulation of adenylate cyclase is impaired during severe sepsis in humans. Intensive Gare Med 1998; 24: 1315–1322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Hinder F, Booke M, Traber LD, Traber DL: The atrial natriuretic peptide receptor antagonist HS 142-1 improves cardiovascular filling and mean arterial pressure in a hyperdynamic ovine model of sepsis. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 820–826.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Poon BY, Goddard CM, Leaf CD, Russell JA, Walley KR: L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid prevents endotoxin-induced cardiac dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1109–1113.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Thijs LG, Balk E, Tuynman HARE, Koopman PAR, Bezemer PD, Mulder GH: Effects of naloxone on hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and metabolic variables in canine endotoxin shock. Circ Shock 1983; 10: 147–160.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Safani M, Blair J, Ross D, Waki R, Li C, Libby G: Prospective, controlled, randomized trial of naloxone infusion in early hyperdynamic septic shock. Crit Care Med 1989; 17: 1004–1009.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Jones SB, Romano FD: Dose-and time-dependent changes in plasma catecholamines in response to endotoxin in conscious rats. Circ Shock 1989; 8: 59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Terradellas JB, Bellot JF, Saris AB, Gil CL, Torrallardona AT, Garriga JR: Acute and transient ST segment elevation during bacterial shock in seven patients without apparent heart disease. Chest 1982; 81: 444–448.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Cunnion RE, Schaer GL, Parker MM, Natanson C, Parrillo JE: The coronary circulation in human septic shock. Circulation 1986; 73: 637–644.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Dhainaut J-F, Huyghebaert M-F, Monsallier JF: Coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism of lactate, free fatty acids, glucose and ketones in patients with septic shock. Ciruc-lation 1987; 75: 533–541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Groeneveld ABJ, Van Lambalgen AA, VandenBos GC, Bronsveld W, Thijs LG: Maldistribution of heterogeneous coronary blood flow during canine endotoxin shock. Cardiovasc Res 1991; 25: 80–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Van Lambalgen AA, Van Kraats AA, Mulder MF, Teerlink T, Van den Bos GC: High-energy phosphates in heart, Ever, kidney, and skeletal muscle of endotoxemic rats. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H1581–H1587.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Hotchkiss RS, Song S-K, Neil JJ, et al: Sepsis does not impair tricarboxylic acid cycle in the heart. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: C50–C57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Fox GA, Bersten A, Lam C, et al: Hematocrit modifies the circulatory control of systemic and myocardial oxygen utilization in septic sheep. Crit Care Med 1994; 22: 470–479.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Avontuur JAM, Bruining HA, Ince C: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis causes myocardial ischemia in endotoxemic rats. Circ Res 1995; 76: 418–425.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Panas D, Khadour FH, Szabo C, Schulz R: Proinflammatory cytokines depress cardiac efficiency by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: H1016–H1023.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Kelm M, Schäfer S, Dahmann R, et al: Nitric oxide induced contractile dysfunction is related to a reduction in myocardial energy generation. Gardiovasc Res 1997; 36: 185–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Shibano T, Vanhoutte PM: Induction of NO production by TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide in porcine coronary arteries without endothelium. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: H403–H407.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Myers PR, Gupta M, Rogers S, Mattox ML, Adams HR, Parker JL: Chronic endotoxemia and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in coronary arteries. Shock 1996; 6: 267–273.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Wang SY, Cameron EM, Fink MP, Sellke W: Chronic septicemia alters α-adrenergic mechanisms in the coronary circulation. J Surg Res 1997; 69: 61–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Avontuur JAM, Bruining HA, Ince C: Nitric oxide and dysfunction of coronary autoregulation in endotoxemic rats. Cardiovasc Res 1997; 35: 368–376.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Bersten AD, Sibbald WJ, Hersch M, Cheung H, Turledge FS: Interaction of sepsis and sepsis plus sympathomimetics on myocardial oxygen availability. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: H1164–H1173.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Raper RF, Sibbald WJ, Hobson J, Neala A, Cheung H: Changes in myocardial blood flow rates during hyperdynamic sepsis with induced changes in arterial perfusing pressures and metabolic need. Crit Care Med 1993; 21: 1192–1199.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Xie Y-W, Wolin MS: Role of nitric oxide and its interaction with superoxide in the suppression of cardiac muscle mitochondrial respiration: involvement in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Circulation 1997; 94: 2580–2586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Matheis G, Sherman MP, Buckberg GD, Haybron DM, Young HH, Ignarro LJ: Role of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in myocardial reoxygenation injury. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: H616–H620.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Ismail JA, McDonough KH: The role of coronary flow and adenosine in postischemic recovery of septic rat hearts. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: H8–H14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Meng X, Brown JM, Ao L, et al: Endotoxin induces cardiac HSP70 and resistance to endotoxemic myocardial depression in rats. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: C1316–C1324.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Perrault LP, Menasche P, Bel A, et al: Ischemic preconditioning in cardiac surgery: a word of caution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 112: 1378–1386.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Cain BS, Meldrum DR, Dinarello CA, Meng X, Banerjee A, Harken AH: Adenosine reduces cardiac TNF-α production and human myocardial injury following ischemia-reperfusion. J Surg Res 1988; 76: 117–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Grocott-Mason RM, Shah AM: Gardiac dysfunction is sepsis: new theories and clinical implications. Intensive Care Med 1988; 24: 286–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Mazer CD, Naser B, Kamel KS: Effect of alkali therapy with NaHCO3 or THAM on cardiac contractility. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: R955–R962.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Bollaert P-E, Levy B, Nace L, Laterre P-F, Larcan A: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of rapid correction of hypophosphatemia in patients with septic shock. Chest 1995; 107: 1698–1701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Natanson C, Esposito CJ, Banks SM, Magnuson WG: The sirens’ songs of confirmatory sepsis trials: selection bias and sampling error. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 1927–1931.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Staudinger T, Presterl E, Graninger W, et al: Influence of pentoxifylline on cytokine levels and inflammatory parameters in septic shock. Intensie Care Med 1996; 22: 888–893.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Weitzberg E, Rudehill A, Modin A, Lundberg JM: Effect of combined nitric oxide inhalation and N G-nitro-L-arginine infusion in porcine endotoxin shock. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 909–918.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Grootendorst AF, Van Bommel EFH, Van Leengoed LAMG, Van Zanten AR, Huipen HJC, Groeneveld ABJ: Infusion of ultrafiltrate from endotoxemic pigs depresses myocardial performance of normal pigs. J Crit Care 1993; 8: 161–169.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Bottoms G, Fessler J, Murphey E, et al: Efficacy of convective removal of plasma mediators of endotoxic shock by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. Shock 1996; 5: 149–154.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Heering P, Morgera S, Schnitz FJ, et al: Cytokine removal and cardiovascular hemodynamics in septic patients with continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23: 288–296.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Hoffmann JN, Hartl WH, Deppisch R, Faist E, Jochum M, Inthron D: Effect of hemofiltration on hemodynamics and systemic concentrations of anaphylatoxins and cytokines in human sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22: 1360–1367.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Kellum JA, Johnson JP, Kramer D, Palevsky P, Brady JJ, Pinsky MR: Diffusive vs. convective therapy: effects of mediators of inflammation in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit Care Med 1988; 26: 1995–2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. Lee PA, Weger GW, Pryor RW, Matson JR: Effects of filter pore size on efficacy of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration therapy for staphylococcus aureus-induced septicemia in immature swine. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 730–737.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Tetta C, Cavaillon J-M, Schulze M, et al: Removal of cytokines and activated complement components in an experimental model of continuous plasma filtration coupled with sorbent absorption. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1458–1464.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Spies CD, Reinhart K, Witt I, et al: Influence of N-acetylcysteine on indirect indicators of tissue oxygenation in septic shock patients: results from a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Crit Care Med 1994; 22: 1738–1746.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Zhang H, Spapen H, Nguyen DN, Benlabed M, Buurman WA, Vincent J-L: Protective effects of N-acetyl-cysteine in endotoxemia. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H1746–H1754.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Peake SL, Moran JL, Leppard PI: N-Acetyl-L-cysteine depresses cardiac performance in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 1302–1310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Boldt J, Kling D, Bormann B, Scheld H, Hempelmann G: Influence of PEEP ventilation immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass on right ventricular function. Chest 1988; 94: 566–571.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Gorscan J, Gaisor TA, Mandarino WA, Deneault LG, Hattler BG, Pinsky MR: Assessment of the immediate effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on left ventricular performance by on-line pressure-area relations. Circulation 1994; 89: 180–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Hennein HA, Ebba H, Rodriguez JL, et al: Relationship of proinflammatory cytokines to myocardial ischemia and dysfunction after uncomplicated coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 108: 626–635.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Te Veldhuis H, Jansen PGM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Sturk A, Eijsman L, Wildevuur CRH: Myocardial performance in elderly patients after cardiopulmonary bypass is suppressed by tumor necrosis factor. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 110: 1663–1669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Turner JS, Morgan CJ, Thakrar B, Pepper JR: Difficulties in predicting outcome in cardiac surgery patients. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 1843–1850.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Bennett-Guerrero E, Ayuso L, Hamilton-Davies C, et al: Relationship of preoperative antiendotoxin core antibodies and adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery. JAMA 1997; 277: 646–650.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Bolli R: Basic and clinical aspects of myocardial stunning. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1998; 40: 477–517.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Butterworth JF, Legault G, Royster RL, Hammon JW: Factors that predict the use of positive inotropic drug support after cardiac valve surgery. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 461–467.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Rathmell JP, Prielipp RC, Butterworth JF, et al: A multicenter, randomized, blind comparison of amrinone with milrinone after elective cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 683–690.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Thompson MJ, Elton RA, Sturgeon KR, et al: The Edinburgh cardiac surgery score survival prediction in the long-stay ICU cardiac surgical patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1995; 9: 419–425.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Ryan TA, Rady MY, Bashour A, Leventhal M, Lytle B, Starr NJ: Predictors of outcome in cardiac surgical patients with prolonged intensive care stay. Chest 1997; 112: 1035–1042.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Alyanakian M-A, Dehoux M, Chatel D, et al: Cardiac troponin I in diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery. J Cardiovasc Vasc Anesth 1998; 12: 288–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Gensini GF, Fusi C, Conti AA, et al: Cardiac troponin I and Q-wave perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass surgery. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 1986–1990.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. McKenney PA, Apstein CS, Mendes LA, et al: Increased left ventricular diastolic chamber stiffness immediatley after coronary artery bypasss surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24: 1189–1194.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Christakis GT, Buth KJ, Weisel RD, et al: Randomized study of right ventricular function with intermittent warm or cold cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 61: 128–134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Davies MJ, Nguyen K, Gaynor JW, Elliott MJ: Modified ultrafiltration improves left ventricular systolic function in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 115: 361–370.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Biagioli B, Borrelli E, Maccherini M, et al: Reduction of oxidative stress does not affect recovery of myocardial function: warm continuous versus cold intermittent blood cardioplegia. Heart 1997; 77: 465–473.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Menasché P: The inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass and its impact on postoperative myocardial funciton. Curr Opion Cardiol 1995; 10: 597–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. Wang SY, Friedman M, Johnson RG, Weintraub RM, Sellke FW: Adrenergic regulation of coronary microcirculation after extracorporeal circulation and crystalloid cardioplegia. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: H2462–H2470.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Amrani M, Gray CC, Smolenski RT, Goodwin AT, Lodon A, Yacoub MH: The effect of L-arginine on myocardial recovery after cardioplegic arrest and ischemia under moderate and deep hypothermia. Circulation 1997; 96(Suppl II): 274–279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Nonami Y: The role of nitric oxide in cardiac surgery. Suxg Today Jpn J Surg 1997; 27: 583–592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Igarashi J, Nishida M, Hoshida S, et al: Inducible nitric oxide synthase augments injury elicited by oxidative stress in rat cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: C245–C255.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Wan S, LeClerc J-L, Vincent J-L: Inflammatory responses to cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest 1997; 112: 676–692.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Jansen NJG, Van Oeveren W, Van de Broek L, et al: Inhibition by dexamethasone of the reperfusion phenomena in cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102: 515–525.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Myles PS, Leong CK, Currey J: Endogenous nitric oxide and low systemic vascular resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1997; 11: 571–574.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Bando K, Turrentine MW, Vijay P, et al: Effect of modified ultrafiltration in high-risk patients undergoing operations for congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: 821–828.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Reddy VM, Hendricks-Munoz KD, Rajasinghe HA, Petrossian E, Hanley FL, Fineman JR: Postcardiopulmonary bypass pulmonary hypertension in lambs in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow: a role for endothelin 1. Circulation 1997; 95: 1054–1061.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Sinclair DG, Haslam PL, Quinlan GJ, Pepper JR, Evans TW: The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on intestinal and pulmonary endothelial permeability. Chest 1995; 108: 718–724.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Dupuis J-Y, Li K, Calderone A, et al: β-Adrenergic signal transduction and contractility in the canine heart after cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiovasc Res 1997; 36: 223–235.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Booth JV, Landolfo KP, Chesnut LC, et al: Acute depression of myocardial β-adrenergic receptor signaling during cardiopulmonary bypass: impairment of the adenylyl cyclase moiety. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 602–611.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Allen SJ, Geissler HJ, Davis KL, et al: Augmenting cardiac contractility hastens myocardial edema resolution after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 987–992.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Coraim FJ, Coraim HP, Ebermann R, Stellwag FM: Acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery: clinical experience with the application of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Crit Care Med 1986; 14: 714–718.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Rivera ES, Kimball TR, Bailey WW, Witt SA, Khoury PR, Daniels SR: Effect of veno-venous ultrafiltration on myocardial performance immediately after cardiac surgery in children: a prospective randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 766–772.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Hoffmann H, Markewitz A, Kreuzer E, Reichert K, Jochum M, Faist E: Pentoxifylline decreases the incidence of multiple organ failure in patients after major cardiothoracic surgery. Shock 1998; 9: 235–240.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Snow DJ, Gray SJ, Ghosh S, et al: Inhaled nitric oxide in patients with normal and increased pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72: 185–189.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. A. B. J. Groeneveld
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. G. Thijs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA

    Arthur E. Baue MD (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

  2. Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, D-81377, Germany

    Eugen Faist MD (Professor) (Professor)

  3. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA

    Donald E. Fry MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Groeneveld, A.B.J., Thijs, L.G. (2000). Effect of Inflammatory Conditions on the Heart. In: Baue, A.E., Faist, E., Fry, D.E. (eds) Multiple Organ Failure. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1222-5_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1222-5_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7049-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-1222-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation