Abstract
Supernovae represent the catastrophic endpoint of evolution of stars. Study of them provides clues to the progenitor evolution, to the explosion mechanism, to the origin of heavy elements, and to their use as distance calibrators. To date around 1200 optical supernova outbursts have been discovered, the vast majority in external galaxies. A catalog of supernovae is given by Barbon, Cappellaro, and Turatto [1]. For access to supernova information on the World Wide Web, see http://cssa.stanford.edu/marcos/sne.html.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kirshner R.P. et al. 1993, ApJ, 415, 589
Ruiz-Lapuente, P. et al. 1995, ApJ, 439, 60
Wang L. et al. 1996, ApJt 466, 998
References
Wang L., Wheeler J.C., Li Z., & Clocchiatti A. 1996, ApJ, 467, 435
Wang L., Wheeler J.C., & Höflich P. 1997, ApJ, 476, L27
Tran H.D. et al. 1997, PASP, 109, 489
References
Cappellaro E., Turatto M., Benetti S., Tsvetkov D.Yu., Bartunov O.S., & Makarova L.N. 1993, A&A, 273, 383
Cappellaro E., Turatto M., Tsvetkov D.Yu., Bartunov O.S., Pollas C, Evans R., & Hamuy M. 1997, A&A, 322, 431
References
Huo, J. et al. 1987, Nuclear Data Sheets, 51, 1
Burrows T.W., & Bhat M.R. 1986, Nuclear Data Sheets, 47, 1
Frekers D. et al. 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 28, 1756
References
Barbon R., Cappellaro E., & Turatto, M. 1989, A&A, 81, 421 (see also: http://www.pd.astro.it/supern/)
Filippenko A.V. 1997, ARAA, 35, 309
Kirshner R.P. et al. 1993, ApJ, 415, 589
Lewis J.R. et al. 1994, MNRAS, 266, L27
Clocchiatti A. et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1286
Phillips M.M., Heathcote S.R., Hamuy M. & Navarrete M. 1988, AJ, 95, 1087
Panagia N. 1985, Lect. Notes Phys., 224, 14
Harkness R.P. et al. 1987, ApJ, 317, 355
Filippenko A.V., Porter A.C., & Sargent W.L.W. 1990, AJ, 100, 1575
Maza J., & van den Bergh S. 1976, ApJ, 204, 519
McMillan R.J., & Ciardullo, R. 1996, ApJ, 473, 707
Van Dyk S.D. 1992, AJ, 103, 1788
Bartunov O.S., Tsvetkov D.Yu., & Filimonova I.V. 1994, PASP, 106, 1276
Wang L., Höfich P., & Wheeler J.C. 1997, ApJ, 483, L29
Elias J.H., Matthews K., Neugebauer G., & Persson S.R. 1985, ApJ, 296, 379
Filippenko A.V. et al. 1992, ApJ, 384, L15
Phillips M.M., Wells L.A., Suntzeff N.B., Hamuy M., Leibundgut B., Kirshner R.P, & Foltz C.B. 1992, AJ, 103, 1632
Filippenko A.V. et al. 1992, AJ, 104, 1543.
Leibundgut B. et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 301
Baade, W, & Zwicky F. 1938, ApJ, 88, 411
Minkowski R. 1939, ApJ, 89, 156
Kirshner R.P., Oke J.B., Penston M.V., & Searle L. 1973, ApJ, 185, 303
Branch D., Lacy C.H., McCall M.L., Sutherland P.G., Uomoto A., Wheeler J.C, & Wills B.J. 1983, ApJ, 270, 123
Barbon R., Benetti S., Cappellaro E., Rosino L., & Turatto M. 1990, A&A, 237, 79
Wells L. et al. 1994, AJ, 108, 2233
Ruiz-Lapuente P., Kirshner R.P., Phillips M.M., Challis P.M., Schmidt B.P., Filippenko A.V, & Wheeler J.C. 1995, ApJ, 439, 60
Cumming R.J., Lundquist P., Smith L.J., Pettini M., & King D.L. 1996 MNRAS, 283, 1355
Richmond M.W. et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 327
Wheeler J.C, & Filippenko A.V. 1996, in Supernovae and Supernova Remnants, edited by R.A. McCray and Z. Wang (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), p. 241
Ciatti F., Rosino L., & Bertola F. 1971, Mem. Soc. Astron. Italia, 42, 163
Pennypacker C.R. et al. 1989, AJ, 97, 186
Turatto M., Cappellaro E., Benetti S., & Danziger I.J. 1994, MNRAS, 265, 483
Schmidt B.P. et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 6
Benetti S., Cappellaro E., Turatto M., Delia Valle M., Mazzali P.A., & Gouiffes C. 1994, A&A, 285, 147
Fesen R.A., & Becker R.H. 1990, ApJ, 351, 437
Arnett W.D., Bahcall J.N., Kirshner R.P, & Woosley S.E. 1989, ARAA, 27, 629
Young T.R., & Branch D. 1989, ApJ, 342, L55
Cappellaro E., Danziger I.J., Della Valle M., Gouiffes C, & Turatto M. 1995, A&A, 293, 723
Branch D., Falk S.W., McCall M.L., Rybski P., Uomoto A.K., & Wills B.J. 1981, ApJ, 244, 780
Uomoto A., & Kirshner R.P. 1986, ApJ, 308, 685
Filippenko A.V. 1989, AJ, 97, 726
Stathakis R.A., & Sadler E.M. 1991, MNRAS, 250, 786
Turatto M., Cappellaro E., Danziger I.J., Benetti S., Gouiffes C, & Della Valle M. 1993, MNRAS, 262, 128
Filippenko A.V. 1988, AJ, 96, 1941
Branch D. 1972, A&A, 16, L43
Wheeler J.C, Harkness R.P, Clocchiatti A., Benetti S., Depoy D., & Elias J. 1994, ApJ, 436, L135
Gaskell C.M., Cappellaro E., Dinerstein H.L., Garnett D.R., Harkness R.P., & Wheeler J.C. 1986, ApJ, 306, L77
Filippenko A. et al. 1995, ApJ, 450, L11
Clocchiatti A. et al. 1996, ApJ, 462, 462
Wheeler J.C, Harkness R.P, Barker E.S., Cochran A.L., & Wills D. 1987, ApJ, 313, L69
Hillebrandt W, & Höflich P. 1989, Rep. Prog. Phys., 52, 1421
Imshennik V.S., & Nadyozhin D.K. 1989, Sov. Sci. Rev., 8, 1
McCray R.A. 1993, ARAA, 31, 175
Phillips M.M., & Suntzeff N.B. 1997, Supernova 1987A: Ten Years After (Provo, Astronomical Society of the Pacific)
Sramek R.A., & Weiler K.W 1990, in Supernovae, edited by S.E. Woosley (Springer-Verlag, New York), p. 76 (see also: http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7214/weiler/sne-home.html)
van den Bergh S. & Tammann G.A. 1991, ARAA, 29, 363
van den Bergh S., & McClure R.D. 1994, ApJ, 425, 205
Cappellaro E., Turatto M., Benetti S., Tsvetkov D.Yu., Bartunov O.S., & Makarova L.N. 1993, A&A, 273, 383
Green D.A. 1991, PASP, 103, 207 (see also: http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/snrs/)
References
Turcotte D.L., & Schubert G. 1982, Geodynamics (Wiley, New York)
References
COESA, U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976, (Government Printing Office, Washington DC)
Anderson G.P. et al. 1986, AFGL-TR-86-0110, Atmospheric Constituent Profiles 10-120 km, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (now Air Force Research Laboratory)
Allen C.W. 1973, Astrophysical Quantities, 3rd ed. (Athlone Press, London)
Goody R.M., & Yung Y.L. 1989, Atmospheric Radiation: Theoretical Basis, 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press, New York)
Watson R.F. et al. 1990, Greenhouse gases and aerosols, in Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment edited by J.T. Houghton, G.H. Henkins, and J.H. Ephraums (Cambridge University Press, New York)
Logan J.A. et al. 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7210
Allen M., Lunine J.L, & Yung Y.L. 1984, J.Geophys. Res. 89, 4841
References
COESA, U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976, (Government Printing Office, Washington DC).
References
Hedin A.E. 1983, J. Geophys. Res. A., 88, 170
References
COESA, U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976, (Government Printing Office, Washington DC)
Hedin A.E. 1983, J. Geophys. Res. A, 88, 170
References
Anderson G.P. et al. 1986, AFGL-TR-86-0110, Atmospheric Constituent Profiles 10-120 km, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (now Air Force Research Laboratory).
Kneizys F.X. et al. 1983, AFGL-TR-0187, Atmospheric Transmittance/Radiance: Computer Code LOWTRAN6, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (now Air Force Research Laboratory)
McClatchey R.A. et al. 1973, AFCRL-TR-73-0096, Atmospheric Absorption Line Parameters Compilation, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (now Air Force Research Laboratory)
Rothman L.S. & McClatchey R.A. 1976, Appl Optics, 15, 2616
Rothman L.S. 1978, Appl Optics, 17, 507
Rothman L.S. 1978, Appl Optics, 17, 3517
Rothman L.S. 1981, Appl Optics, 20, 791
Rothman L.S. 1981, Appl Optics, 20, 1323
Rothman L.S. 1983, Appl Optics, 22, 1616
Rothman L.S. 1985, Appl Optics, 22, 2247
References
Allen C.W. 1973, Astrophysical Quantities 3rd ed. (Athlone Press, London)
Vallance Jones A. 1974, Aurora (Reidel, Boston)
Roach F.E., & Gordon J.L. 1973, The Light of the Night Sky, (Reidel, Boston)
Krassovsky V.I. et al. 1962, Planet. Space Sci., 9, 883
Chamberlain J.W. 1961, Physics of the Aurora and Airglow, (Academic Press, New York)
References
Allen C.W. 1973, Astrophysical Quantities, 3rd ed. (Athlone Press, London)
Meinel A.B. et al. 1954, J. Geophys. Res., 59, 407
References
Chamberlain J.W. 1961, Physics of the Aurora and Airglow(Academic Press, New York)
References
Sears D.W.G., & Dodd R.T. 1988, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System, edited by J.F. Kerridge and M.S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona), pp. 3–31
References
Grieve R.A.F. 1987, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 15 245
References
Lerch F.J. et al. 1992, NASA Technical Memorandum 104555 Geopotential Models of Earth from Satellite Tracking and Altimeter and Surface Gravity Observations GEM-T3 and GEM-T3S
Cazenave A. 1994, American Geophysical Union Handbook of Physical Constants (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC)
International Earth Rotation Service Standards, Central Bureau of IERS (Observatoire de Paris).
ETOPO 5 Data Base (distributed by NOAA), 1986, (National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO).
Turcotte D.L., & Schubert G. 1982, Geodynamics (Wiley, New York)
Dickey J.O. 1994, American Geophysical Union Handbook of Physical Constants (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC)
Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, edited by P.K. Seidelmann 1992, (University Science Books, Mill Valley,CA)
Wahr J. 1994, American Geophysical Union Handbook of Physical Constants (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC)
Harland W.B. et al. 1990, A Geologic Timescale 1989 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
Imbrie J. 1985, J. Geol. Lond., 142, 417
Condie K.C. 1989, Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution (Pergamon Press, Oxford)
DeMets C. et al. 1990, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 425
Dziewonski A.M. & Anderson D.L. 1981, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 25, 297
COESA, U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976, (Government Printing Office, Washington, DC)
Edlén B. 1953, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 43, 339
Anderson G.P. et al. 1986, AFGL-TR-86-0110, Atmospheric Constituent Profiles 10-120 km, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (now Air Force Research Laboratory).
Allen C.W. 1973, Astrophysical Quantities 3rd ed. (Athlone Press, London)
Goody R.M., & Yung Y.L. 1989, Atmospheric Radiitation: Theoretical Basis 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press, New York)
Watson R.F. et al. 1990, Greenhouse gases and aerosols, in Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, edited by J.T. Houghton, G.H. Henkins, and J.H. Ephraums (Cambridge University Press, New York)
Logan J.A. et al. 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7210
Allen M., Lunine J.I., & Yung Y.L. 1984, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4841
Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, 5th rev. 1949, (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC).
Walterscheid R.L., DeVore J.G., & Venkateswaran S.V. 1980, J. Atmos. Sei. 37, 455
Champion K.S.W., Cole A.E., & Kantor A.J. 1985, Standard and reference atmospheres, in Handbook of Geophysics and the Space Environment, edited by A.S. Jursa (Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Available from National Technical Information Service, ADA 167000 1985)
Smith E.K. Jr., & Wientraub S. 1953, Institute of Radio Engineers Proc., 41, No. 8, 1035
Berman A.L., & Rockwell S.T. 1992, New Optical and Radio Frequency Angular Troposphere Refraction Models for Deep Space Applications, NASA TR-32-1601
Hansen J.E., & Travis L.D. 1974, Space Sci. Rev. 16
Toon O.B., & Pollack J.B. 1976, J.Appl. Met. 15
Brasseur G., & Solomon S. 1986, Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 2nd ed. (Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam)
Rothman L.S. et al. 1992, JQSRT, 48, 469
Hargreaves J.K. 1992, The Solar-Terrestrial Environment(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
Vallance Jones A. 1974, Aurora (Reidel, Boston).
Roach F.E., & Gordon J.L. 1973, The Light of the Night Sky (Reidel, Boston)
Krassovsky V.I. et al. 1962, Planet. Space Sci., 9, 883
Chamberlain J.W. 1961, Physics of the Aurora and Airglow (Academic Press, New York)
Meinel A.B. et al. 1954, J. Geophys. Res., 59, 407
Bloxham J. 1995, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. T.J. Ahrens, Editor, AGU Reference Shelf 1. American Geophysical Union Washington,DC)
Langel R.A. 1987, in Geomagnetism, edited by J.A. Jacobs (Academic Press, Orlando), Vol. 1, p. 249
1992 IAGA Division V, Working Group 8, IGRF, 1991 Revision, EOS Trans. American Geophys. Union, 73, 182
Sears D.W.G., & Dodd R.T. 1988, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System edited by J.F. Kerridge and M.S. Matthews, (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), pp. 3–31
Wasson J.T. 1985, Meteorites—Their Record of Early Solar System History (W.H. Freeman, New York)
Melosh H.J. 1989, Impact Cratering—A Geologic Process (Oxford University Press, New York)
Pesonen L.J., Terho M, & Kukkonen T.T. 1993, Physical properties of 368 meteorites: Implications for meteorite magnetism and planetary geophysics, Proc. NIPR Symp. Antarct. Meteorites, 6, 401
Grieve R.A.F. 1987, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 15, 245
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wheeler, J.C., Benetti, S. (2002). Supernovae. In: Cox, A.N. (eds) Allen’s Astrophysical Quantities. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1186-0_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1186-0_18
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7037-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-1186-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive