Abstract
Extensive, obvious, and direct influences of humans on ecosystems are well investigated. Methods are available to deal with these, although much more work is needed. Subtle influences are now becoming an important topic in ecosystems studies. “Subtle,” according to McDonnell and Pickett (Chapter 1, this volume), denotes human influences on ecosystems or interactions of humans with ecosystems that are not obvious, conspicuous, or direct, but are lagged or influenced by past developments or consequences at a distance in time and space, or any combination of these. The word “subtle” does not imply that the influences are negligible (see Russell, Chapter 8, this volume). Indeed they could be extensive.
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Recommended Readings
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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Grossmann, WD. (1993). Integration of Social and Ecological Factors: Dynamic Area Models of Subtle Human Influences on Ecosystems. In: McDonnell, M.J., Pickett, S.T.A. (eds) Humans as Components of Ecosystems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0905-8_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0905-8_18
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