Abstract
This chapter is intended to provide a background to hazard assessment of explosives, in which, conventionally, we include propellants and pyrotechnics. It will discuss:
-
the bases of testing regimes;
-
what we expect the data to reveal;
-
the machine-dependence of data and the significance of it;
-
statistical methods for the analysis of results;
-
the role of judgment in hazard assessment;
-
differences between hazard and reliability testing and the role of explosive confinement;
-
the terms sensitivity, sensitiveness, and explosiveness;
-
hazard assessment stages, i.e., powder, charge, and system tests; and
-
insensitive munitions tests.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Afanasiev, G.T. and Bobolev, V.K. (1971).Initiation of Solid Explosives by Impact. Translated by I. Shechtman (P. Greenberg, ed.). Israel Program for Scientific Translations.
AGARD Conference 511 Proceedings(1992). Insensitive munitions.
Bernecker R.R. and Price, D. (1975). Sensitivity of explosives to transition from deflagration to detonation. US Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Silver Spring, MD, NOL TR-74–186.
Boggs, T.L. and Derr, R.L. (1990). Hazard studies for solid propellant rocket motorsAGARDograph 316NATO, Brussels.
Brownlee, K.A., Hodges, J.L., and Rosenblatt, M. (1953).J. Amer. Statist. Soc. 43, 262.
Campbell, A.W., Davis, W.C., Ramsay, J.B., and Travis, J.R. (1961).Phys. Fluids4, 511.
Covino, J. and Dreitzler, D.R. (1988).19th ICT Conference Combustion and Detonation Phenomena80–1.
Covino, J. and Hudson, F.E. (1990).AIAA I Propulsion Power.
Dixon, W.J. and Wood, A.M. (1948).1 Amer. Statist Soc. 43, 109.
Dixon, W.J. and Massey, F.M. (1951).Introduction to Statistical Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Dobratz, B.M. (ed.) (1981).LLNL Explosives Handbook. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA, UCRL-52997.
Finney, D.J. (1971).Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Frank-Kamenetskii, D.A. (1955).Diffusion and Heat Exchange in Chemical Kinet-ics. Translated by N. Thon. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
van Geel, J.L.C. (1971).RVO/TNORijswijk, Netherlands, TL-1971–1.
Gibbs, T.R. and Popolato, A. (1980). (eds.).LASL Explosive Property Data. Uni-versity of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Gray, P. and Harper, M.J. (1959).Trans Faraday Soc. 55, 581.
Gray, P. and Lee, P.R. (1967). Thermal explosion theory. InOxidation and Combustion Reviews(C.F.H. Tipper, ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2, 1.
Green, L.G. and Weston, A.M. (1970). Data analysis of the reaction behavior of explosive materials subjected to Susan test impacts. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRL-13480.
Hammersley, J.M. (1966).1. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. 11894.
Hubbard, P.J. and Lee, P.R. (1978). RARDE Technical Report 2/78.
Köhler, J. and Meyer, R. (1993).Explosives. VCH, Weinheim.
Lee, P.R. (1992).Fourth International Symposium on Explosives Technology and Ballistics Pretoria RSA National Institute for Explosives Technology99.
Majowicz, J.M. and Jacobs, S.J. (1958).Amer. Phys. Soc. Bull. 3, 293.
Mallory, H.D. (ed.). Bruceton Staircase: The development of impact sensitivity tests at the explosives research laboratory, Bruceton, PA, during the years 1941–1945. US Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Silver Spring, MD. NAVORD Report 4236.
Manners, D.J. (1992). UK work on low vulnerability rocket motors (LOVUM Project). RARDE, Waltham Abbey, Essex, UK, Report.
Marshall, W. (1983). Private communication, re: Milne, E.A.
Merzhanov, A.G., Abramov, V.G., and Gontkovskaya, V.T. (1963).Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR148, 156.
Merzhanov, A.G. (1966).Combust. Flame10, 341.
Merzhanov, A.G. and Abramov, V.G. (1981).Propellants Explosives and Pyrotechnics6, 130.
van der Mey, P. and Heemskerk, A.H. (1984).Symposium Paul VieilleLe Bouchet, France.
van der Mey, P. and Heemskerk, A.H. (1985).AGARD Symposium on Smokeless PropellantsFlorence, Italy.
OSRD Report Number 4040. Statistical analysis for a new procedure in sensitivity experiments. A Report by the Statistical Research Group, Princeton University, to the Applied Mathematics Panel NDRC. AMP Report No. 101. IR. SRG-P No. 40.
Rogers, R.N. (1972).Thermochim. Acta3, 437.
Rogers, R.N. (1975).ibid. 11131.
Rogers, R.N. (1972).Anal. Chem. 44, 1336.
Semenov, N.N. (1955).Chemical Kinetics and Chain Reactions. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Sensitiveness Collaboration Committee (SCC No. 3) (1988).Manual of Tests. RARDE NP1 Division, Fort Halstead.
US Military Standard, DoD-STD-2105B (Navy) (1994). Hazard Assessment Tests for Non-nuclear Munitions.
Walker, G.R. (1966).Manual of Sensitiveness Tests. The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP), Panel O-2, Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment.
Zinn, J. and Mader, C.L. (1960).J. Appl. Phys. 31, 323.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lee, P.R. (1998). Hazard Assessment of Explosives and Propellants. In: Zukas, J.A., Walters, W.P. (eds) Explosive Effects and Applications. High-Pressure Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0589-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0589-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-95558-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0589-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive