Abstract
Over the past few years, it has become increasingly clear that most drug treatment programs do not adequately address the psychiatric needs of the “dually diagnosed.” This oversight may be presumed to be at least partially responsible for the high relapse rate in addicts. To better define the problem, researchers have attempted to identify the axis I and axis II disorders that exist in various subgroups of addicted persons. The underlying assumption is that the patient's treatment needs will be able to be effectively managed once diagnoses are known.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. H. Gavin and H. D. Kleber (1986) Abstinence symptomatology and psychiatric diagnosis in cocaine abusers. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 43, 107–113.
B. J. Rounsaville, M. M. Weissman, K. Crits-Cristoph, C. H. Wilber, and H. D. Kleber (1982) Diagnosis and symptoms of depression in opiate addicts: Course and relationship to treatment outcome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39, 151–156.
R. D. Weiss, S. D. Mirin, J. L. Michael, and A. C. Sollogub (1986) Psychopathology in chronic cocaine users. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 12, 17–29.
R. J. Dougherty and N. J. Lesswing (1989) Inpatient cocaine abusers: An analysis of psychological and demographical variables. J. Subst. Abuse Treatment 6, 45–47.
E. J. Khantzian and C. Treece (1985) DSM-III psychiatric diagnosis of narcotic addicts: Recent findings. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 42, 1067–1071.
B. E. Havassy and D. A. Wasserman (1991) Prevalence of co-morbidity among cocaine users in treatment, in NIDA Research Monograph Series, vol. 119, Problems of Drug Dependence: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC., 1992b, p. 227.
L. B. Cottler, W. M. Compton III, D. Mager, G. A. Storch, and J. Hudziak (1991) Psychiatric histories among drug abusers: IVDA vs. non-IVDA, in NIDA Research Monograph Series, vol. 119, Problems of Drug Dependence 1991: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC., 1992b, p. 228.
B. J. Mason, J. H. Kocsis, D. Melia, E. T. Khuri, R. B. Millman, J. Sweeney, A. Wells, and M. J. Kreek (1991) Psychiatric comorbidity in methadone maintained patients, in NIDA Research Monograph Series, vol. 119, Problems of Drug Dependence: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC., 1992b, p. 230.
M. N. Hesselbrock, R. E. Meyer, and J. J. Keener (1985) Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 42, 1050–1055.
M. L. Griffin, R. D. Weiss, S. D. Mirin, and U. Lange (1989) A comparison of male and female cocaine abusers. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 46, 122–126.
D. L. Haller, J. S. Knisely, K. S. Dawson, and S. H. Schnoll (1993) Perinatal substance abusers: Psychological and social characteristics. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 181, 509–513.
American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.) American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
G. E. Woody, T. A. McLellan, L. Luborsky, and C. P. O’Brien (1985) Sociopathy and psychotherapy outcome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 42, 1081–1086.
D. L. Haller, R. K. Elswick Jr., K. S. Dawson, J. S. Knisely, and S. H. Schnoll (1992) Retention in treatment of perinatal substance abusers, in NIDA Research Monograph Series, vol. 132, Problems of Drug Dependence: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Scientific Meeting. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC., p. 303.
T. A. McLellan, L. Luborsky, G. E. Woody, C. P. O’Brien, and R. Kron (1981) Are the “addiction related” problems of substance abusers really related? J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 169, 232–239.
T. A. McLellan, A. R. Childress, J. Griffith, and G. E. Woody (1984) The psychiatrically severe drug abuse patient: Methadone maintenance or therapeutic community? Am. J. Alcohol Abuse 10, 77–95.
T. R. Kosten, B. J. Rounsaville, and H. Kleber (1986) A 2.5-year followup of cocaine use among treated opioid addicts. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 281–284.
S. R. Maddi (1986) Personality Theories: A Comparative Analysis. Dorsey, Homewood, IL.
L. Miller (1990) Neuropsychodynamics of alcoholism and addiction: Personality, psychopathology, and cognitive style. J. Subst. Abuse Treatment 7, 31–49.
O. F. Kernberg (1975) Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. Aronson, New York.
H. Kohut (1971) The Analysis of the Self International Universities, New York. 22L.
L. Wurmser (1974) Psychoanalytic considerations of the etiology of compulsive drug use. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 22, 820–843.
H. Krystal (1977) Self representations and the capacity for self care. Ann. Psychoanal. 6, 209–246.
J. M. Donovan (1986) An etiological mode of alcoholism. Am. J. Psychiatry 143, 1–11.
R. Cloninger (1987) Neurogenic adaptive mechanism in alcoholism. Science 236, 410–416.
E. J. Khantzian (1985) The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. Am. J. Psychiatry. 142, 1259–1264.
P. B. Sutker and R. P. Archer (1984) Opiate abuse and dependence disorders, in Comprehensive Textbook of Psychopathology. H. E. Adams and P. B. Sutker, eds., Plenum, New York, pp. 585–621.
E. Glover (1956) The etiology of drug addiction, in The Early Development of the Mind. E. Glover, ed., International Universities, New York, pp. 187–215.
L. Wurmser (1978) The Hidden Dimension: Psychodynamics in Compulsive Drug Use. Aronson, New York.
O. Fenichel (1945) The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. Norton, New York.
E. J. Khantizian (1978) The ego, the self, and opiate addiction: Theoretical and treatment considerations. Int. Rev. Psychoanal. 5, 189–198.
E. J. Khantizian (1982) Psychological (structural) vulnerabilities and the specific appeal of narcotics. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 398, 24–32.
C. Treece and E. J. Khantizian (1986) Psychodynamic factors in the development of drug dependence. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 9, 399–412.
H. Hendrin (1973) Marijuana abuse among college students. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 156, 259–270.
H. Hendrin (1974) Amphetamine use among college students. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 158, 256–267.
H. Krystal and H. A. Raskin (1970) Drug Dependence Aspects of Ego Function. Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
B. Nicholson and C. Treece (1981) Object relations and differential treatment response to methadone maintenance. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 169, 424–429.
R. J. Craig (1982) Personality characteristics of heroin addicts: Review of empirical research 1976–1979. Int. J. Addict. 17, 1976–1979.
E. J. Khantizian (1975) Self selection and progression in drug dependence. Psychiatry Dig. 10, 19–22.
H. Wieder and E. H. Kaplan. Drug use in adolescence: Psychodynamic meaning and pharmacogenic effect. Psychoanal. Study Child 24, 399–431.
E. J. Khantizian (1983) An extreme case of cocaine dependence and markedim provement with methylphenidate treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry 140, 784–785.
N. E. Zinberg (1975) Addiction and ego function. Psychoanal. Study Child 30,567–558
R. L. Retka and L. R. Chatam (1974) The addict personality. J. Psychedelic Drugs 6, 15–20.
G. E. Barnes (1979) The alcoholic personality. J. Stud. Alcohol. 40, 571–634.
S. Belenko (1979) Alcohol abuse by heroin addicts: A review of research findings and issues. Int. J. Addict. 14, 965–975.
J. R. Graham and V. E. Strenger (1988) MMPI characteristics of alcoholics: A review. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 56, 197–205.
R. D. Fowler and J. L. Bernard (1960) MMPI Composite Profiles for Inpatient and Outpatient Alcoholics. Studies in Alcoholism, Alabama Commission on Alcoholism, Montgomery, AL.
J. R. Graham (1978) MMPI characteristic of alcoholics, drug addicts, and pathological gamblers. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Symposium on Recent Developments in the Use of the MMPI, University of the Americas, Puebla, Mexico.
G. L. Hodo and R. D. Fowler (1976) Frequency of MMPI two-point codes in a large alcoholic sample. J. Clin. Psychology 32, 487–489.
R. Lanyon (1968) A Handbook of MMPI Group Profiles. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
C. C. Hewitt (1943) A personality study of alcoholic addiction. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 4, 368–386.
T. M. Eshbaugh, D. J. Tosi, and C. N. Hoyt (1980) Women alcoholics: A typological description using the MMPI. J. Stud. Alcohol 41, 310–317.
T. McKenna and R. Pickens (1981) Alcoholic children of alcoholics. J. Stud. Alcohol 42, 1021–1029.
R. D. Page and S. Bozlee (1982) A cross-cultural MMPI comparison of alcoholics. Psychol. Rep. 50, 639–646.
M. L. Kammeier, H. Hoffmann, and R. G. Loper (1973)Personality characteristics of alcoholics as college freshmen and at time of treatment. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34, 390–399.
R. G. Loper, M. L. Kammeier, and H. Hoffmann (1973) MMPI characteristics of college freshman males who later become alcoholics. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 82, 159–162.
D. P. Hoyt and G. M. Sedlacek (1958) Differentiating alcoholics from normals and abnormals with the MMPI. J. Clin. Psychology 14, 69–74.
A. C. Rosen (1960) A comparative study of alcoholics and psychiatric patients with the MMPI. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 21, 253–266.
S. L. Zelen, J. Fox, E. Gould, and R. W. Olson (1966) Sex-contingent differences between male and female alcoholics. J. Clin. Psychol. 22, 160–165.
H. E. Hill, C. A. Haertzen, and H. Davis (1962) An MMPI factor analytic of alcoholics, narcotics addicts, and criminals. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 23, 411–431.
L. H. Roth, N. Rosenberg, and R. B. Levinson (1971) Prison adjustment of alcoholic felons. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 32, 382–392.
E. Overall (1973) MMPI personality patterns of alcoholics and narcotics addicts. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34, 104–111.
T. R. Holland, M. Levi, and C. G. Watson (1981) MMPI basic scales vs. two point codes in the discrimination of psychopathological groups. J. Clin. Psychol. 37, 394–396.
R. K. Blashfield (1985) Meta-analysis on MMPI studies of alcoholics. Bull. Soc. Psychol. Addict. Behay. 4, 29–40.
S. G. Goldstein and J. D. Linden (1969) Multivariate classification of alcoholics by means of the MMPI. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 6, 661–669.
D. M. Donovan, E. F. Chaney, and M. R. O’Leary (1978) Alcoholic MMPI subtypes. J. Nerv. Menti. Dis. 166, 553–561.
T. Loberg (1981) MMPI-based personality subtypes of alcoholics: Relationships to drinking history, psychometrics, and neuropsychological deficits. J. Stud. Alcohol 42, 766–782.
V. J. Nerviano, D. McCarty, and S. M. McCarty (1980) MMPI profile patterns of men alcoholics in two contrasting settings. J. Stud. Alcohol 41, 1143–1152.
J. R. Graham (1987) The MMPI: A Practical Guide. Oxford University, New York.
R. L. Greene (1980) The MMPI: An Interpretative Manual. Grune and Stratton,New York.
H. Gilberstadt and J. Duker (1965) A Handbook for Clinical and Actuarial MMPI Interpretation. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
P. A. Marks, W. Seeman, and D. L. Haller (1974) The Actuarial Use of the MMPI with Adolescents and Adults. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
S. Svanum and C. L. Dallas (1981) Alcoholic MMPI types and their relationship to patient characteristics, polydrug abuse, and abstinence following treatment. J. Pers. Assess. 45, 278–287.
W. J. Filstead, D. A. Drachman, J. J. Rossi, and S. H. Getsinger (1983) The relationship of MMPI subtype membership to demographic variables and treatment outcome among substance misusers. J. Stud. Alcohol 44, 917–922.
K. S. Pfost, J. T. Kunce, and M. J. Stevens (1984) The relationship of MacAndrew Alcoholism scale scores to MMPI profile type and degree of elevation. J. Clin. Psychol. 40, 852–857.
J. J. Conley and L. A. Prioleau (1983) Personality typology of men and women alcoholics in relation to etiology and prognosis. J. Stud. Alcohol 44, 996–1010.
J. J. Conley (1981) An MMPI typology of male alcoholics: admission, discharge, and outcome comparisons. J. Pers. Assess. 45, 33–39.
C. MacAndrew (1981) What the MAC scale tells us about alcoholics: an interpretative review. J. Stud. Alcohol 42, 604–625.
P. B. Sutker and R. P. Archer (1979) MMPI characteristics of opiate addicts, alcoholics, and other drug abusers, in MMPI Clinical and Research Trends. C. E. Newmark, ed., Praeger, New York, pp. 105–148.
D.Lachar, W. Berman,J.L.Grisell, and K. Schoot (1979) The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale as a general measure of substance misuse. J. Stud. Alcohol 37, 1609–1615.
P. B. Sutker, R. P. Archer, P. Brantly, and D. Kilpatrick (1979) Alcoholics and opiate addicts: Comparison of personality characteristics. J. Stud. Alcohol 40, 635–644.
ZG. D. Walters, R. Greene, T. B. Jeffrey, D. J. Kruzich, and J. J. Haskin (1983) Racial variations on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale of the MMPI. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 51, 947–948.
K. W. Preng and J. R. Clopton (1986) Application of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale to alcoholics with psychiatric diagnoses. J. Pers. Assess. 50, 113–122.
C. MacAndrew (1979) On the possibility of the psychometric detection of persons who are prone to the abuse of alcohol and other substances. Addict. Behay. 4, 11–20.
P. M. O’Neil, J. P. Giacinto, S. R. Waid, J. C. Roitzsch, W. C. Miller, and D. G. Kilpatrick (1983) Behavioral psychological, and historical correlated of MacAndrew scale scores among male alcoholics. J. Behay. Assess. 5, 261–273.
Z. Z. Cernovsky (1985) Detection of false positives. Psychol. Rep. 57, 191–194.
Z. Z. Cernovsky (1987) A failure to detect MAC’s false positives in female alcohol and drug addicts. Addict. Behay. 12, 367–369.
J. P. Allen, V. Faden, R. Rawlings, and A. Miller (1990) Subtypes of substance abusers: Personality differences associated with MacAndrew scores. Psychol. Rep. 66, 691–698.
C. MacAndrew (1986) Similarities in self-depictions of female alcoholics and psychiatric outpatients: An examination of Eysenck’s dimension of emotionality in women. J. Stud. Alcohol 47, 478–484.
C. MacAndrew (1987) Differences in the self-depictions of female alcoholics and psychiatric outpatients: Towards a depiction of the modal female alcoholic. J. Stud. Alcohol 49, 71–77.
D. G. Jansen and H. Hoffmann (1973) Demographic and MMPI characteristics of male and female state hospital alcoholic patients. Psychol. Rep. 33, 561–562.
J. Curlee (1970) A comparison of male and female patients at an alcoholism treatment center. J. Psychol 74, 239–247.
M. F. Schwartz and J. R. Graham (1979) Construct validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 47, 1090–1095.
S. Svanum and R. G. Hoffman (1982) The factor structure of the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale. Addict. Behay. 7, 195–198.
R. J. Craig (1979) Personality characteristics of heroin addicts: A review of the empirical literature with critique-part II. Int. J. Addict. 14, 607–626.
A. W. Astin (1959) A factor study of the MMPI Psychopathic Deviate scale. J. Consult. Psychol. 23, 550–554.
R. W. Olson (1964) MMPI sex differences in narcotic addicts. J. Gen. Psychol. 71, 257–266.
J. I. Berzins, W. F. Ross, and J. J. Monroe (1974) Subgroups among opiate addicts: A typological investigation. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 83, 65–73.
P. B. Sutker and C. Moan (1972) Personality characteristics of socially deviant women: Incarcerated heroin addicts, street addicts, and nonaddict prisoners, in Drug Addiction: Clinical and Socio-Legal Aspects. J. M. Singh, L. Miller, and H. Lal, eds., Futura, Mount Kisco, NY, pp. 107–114.
W. Parr, W. Woodward, R. Robinowitz, and W. Penk (1981) Cross-validation of a Heroin Addiction (HE) scale in a treatment setting. Int. J. Addict. 16, 549–553.
L. D. Zager and E. I. Megargee (1981) Some MMPI alcohol and drug abuse scales: An empirical investigation of their interrelationships, convergent and discriminate validity and degree of racial bias. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 40, 532–544.
R. J. Craig (1984) MMPI substance abuse scales on drug addicts with and without concurrent alcoholism. J. Pers. Assess. 48, 495–499
H. A. Collins, G. K. Burger, and G. A. Taylor (1976) An empirical typology of heroin abusers. J. Clin. Psychol. 32, 473–476.
D. T. Marsh, S. A. Stile, N. L. Stoughton, and B. L. Trout-Landen (1988) Psychopathology of opiate addiction: Comparative data from the MMPI and MCMI. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 14, 17–27.
R. J. Craig (1988) Psychological functioning of cocaine free-balers derived from objective psychological tests. J. Clin. Psychol. 44, 599–606.
S. Walfish, R. Massey, and A. Krone (1990) MMPI profiles of cocaine-addicted individuals in residential treatment: Implications for practical treatment planning. J. Subst. Abuse Treatment 7, 151–154.
J. M. Rothauzer (1980) A typological study of substance abusers using the MMPI. J. Clin. Psycho! 36, 1019–1021.
W. P. Rohan, R. L. Tatro, and S. R. Rotman (1969) MMPI changes in alcoholics during hospitalization. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 30, 389–400.
W. P. Rohan (1972) MMPI changes in hospitalized alcoholics; a second study. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33, 65–76.
A. E. Wilkinson, W. M. Prado, W. O. Williams, and F. W. Schnadt (1971) Psychological test characteristics and length of stay in treatment. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 32, 60–65.
A. F. Chang, A. B. Calwell, and T. Moss (1973) Stability of personality traits in alcoholics during and after treatment as measured by the MMPI: A one year follow-up study. Proc. Am. Psychol. Assoc. 81, 387–388.
N. A. Huber and S. Danahy (1975) Use of the MMPI in predicting completion and evaluating changes in a long-term alcoholism treatment program. J. Stud. Alcohol 36, 1230–1237.
H. Hoffmann, R. G. Loper, and M. L. Kammeier, (1974) Identifying future alcoholics with MMPI alcoholism scales. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 35, 490–498.
R. J. Craig, J. S. Verinis, and S. Wexler (1985) Personality characteristics of drug addicts and alcoholics on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. J. Pers. Assess. 49, 156–160.
R. J. Craig and R. E. Olson (1990) MCMI comparisons of cocaine abusers and heroin addicts. J. Clin. Psychol. 46, 230–237.
T. Millon (1987) Manual for the MCMI-1 (2nd ed.) National Computer Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
D. A. Calsyn and A. J. Saxon (1990) Personality disorder subtypes among cocaine and opioid addicts using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Int. J. Addict. 25, 1037–1049.
J. R. Corbisiero and M. Reznikoff (1991) The relationship between personality type and style of alcohol use. J. Clin Psychol. 47, 291–298.
P. F. Flynn and R. C. McMahon (1984) An examination of the drug abuse scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Int. J. Addict. 19, 459–468.
D. A. Calsyn, A. J. Saxon, and F. Daisy (1990) Validity of the MCMI drug abuse scale with drug abusing and psychiatric samples. J. Clin. Psychol. 46, 244–246.
D. A. Calsyn and A. J. Saxon (1991) Validity of the MCMI drug abuse scale as a function of drug of choice, race, and Axis II subtypes. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 17, 153–159.
D. L. Haller and S. H. Schnoll (1992) Rates of MCMI drug abuse detection. Unpublished data from NIDA study. Supported by NIDA Grant #DA06094.
N. De Palma and H. D. Clayton (1958) Scores of alcoholics on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. J. Clin. Psychol. 14, 390–392.
R. B. Cattell, H. W. Eber, and M. M. Tatsouka (1970) Handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (I6PF). Institute for Personality and Ability Testing, Champaign, IL.
W. F. Gross and L. L. Carpenter (1971) Alcoholic personality; reality or fiction? Psychol. Rep. 28, 375–378.
SC. F. J. Ross (1971) Comparison of hospital and prison alcoholics. Br. J. Psychiatry 118, 75–78.
P. V. Ciotola and J. F. Peterson (1976) Personality characteristics of alcoholics and drug addicts in a merged treatment program. J. Stud. Alcohol 37, 1229–1235.
E. M. Jellinek (1960) The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. Hillhouse, Highland Park, NJ.
H. J. Walton (1968) Personality as a determinant of the form of alcoholism. Br. J. Psychiatry 114, 761–766.
G. F. Lawlis and S. E. Rubin (1971) 16-PF study of personality patterns in alcoholics. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 32, 318–327.
V. J. Nerviano and W. F. Gross (1973) A multivariate delineation of two alcoholic profile types on the 16 PF. J. Clin. Psychol. 29, 371–374.
V. J. Nerviano and W. F. Gross (1983) Personality types of alcoholics on objective inventories. J. Stud. Alcohol 44, 837–851.
W. H. Replogle and J. F. Hair Jr. (1977) A multivariate approach to profiling alcoholic typologies. Multivariate Exp. Clin. Res. 3, 157–164.
R. M. Hoy (1969) The personality of inpatient alcoholics in relation to group psychotherapy, as measured by the 16 PF. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 30, 401–407.
W F. White (1965) Personality and cognitive learning among alcoholics with different intervals of sobriety. Psychol. Rep. 516, 1125–1140.
R. K. Brooner, P. T. Costa, L. T. Felch, E. E. Rousar, G. E. Bigelow, and C. W. Schmidt (1991) The personality dimensions of male and female drug abusers with and without antisocial personality disorder, in NIDA Research Monograph Series, vol. 119 Problems of Drug Dependence 1991: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992b, Washington, DC., pp. 232.
Problems of Drug Dependence 1991: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992b, Washington, DC., pp. 232.
D. L. Knoblaugh (1988) A psychological component of women’s alcoholism. Alcohol. Treatment Q. 5, 219–229.
S. J. Nixon and O. A. Parsons (1990) Application of the tridimensional personality questionnaire to a population of alcoholics and other substance abusers. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 14, 513–517.
R. G. Knight and C. T. Prout (1951) A study of results in hospital treatment of drug addictions. Am. J. Psychiatry 108, 303–308.
P Zimmerling, J. Tollan, R. Safrin, and S. Wortis (1952) Drug addiction in relation to problems of adolescence. Am. J.Psychiatry 109, 272–278.
J. E. Bleckner (1974) Psychological characteristics of the “Haight” junkies. J. Psychedelic Drugs 6, 21–28.
D. L. Gerard and C. Kornetsky (1955) Adolescent opiate addiction: A study of control and addict subjects. Psychiatr. Q. 29, 457–486.
L. H. Silverman and D. Silverman (1960) Womb fantasies in heroin addiction: A psychological study. J. Projective Techniques 24, 52–63.
S. J. Blatt and W. H. Berman (1990) Differentiation of personality types among opiate addicts. J. Pers. Assess. 54, 87–104.
J. N. Butcher (1990) MMPI-2 in Psychological Treatment. Oxford University, New York.
J. R. Graham (1990) MMPI-2 in Assessing Personality and Psychopathology. Oxford University, New York.
J. T. Webb (1971) Regional and sex differences in MMPI scale high-point frequencies of psychiatric patients. J. Clin. Psychol. 27, 483–486.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Haller, D.L., Motley, C.W., Schnoll, S.H. (1994). Personality and Addiction. In: Watson, R.R. (eds) Addictive Behaviors in Women. Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews, vol 5. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0299-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0299-8_1
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6698-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0299-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive