Abstract
Evidence from human amnesia suggests that immediate or working memory and long-term memory involve activation of two distinct neural systems, with a transfer of information from immediate to long-term memory occurring from 15 to 60 sec post encoding. Amnesiac patients can correctly repeat six or seven items and carry on apparently normal conversations. This immediate memory process has a limited capacity, so that the addition of new items will impair performance on old items in these patients (Squire, 1986). Further, if they are distracted for a few minutes, the patients will not recall the items or their conversation. Conversely, amnesiac patients are able to recall events that occurred before they sustained hippocampal system damage (Scoville and Milner, 1957). This suggests that while their working memory, long-term memory storage, and recall mechanisms are intact, the hippocampal damage has impaired their ability to transfer information from immediate memory to long-term storage. This transfer problem is referred to as a deficit in short-term memory or anterograde amnesia.
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Nielsen-Bohlman, L., Knight, R.T. (1994). Event-Related Potentials Dissociate Immediate and Delayed Memory. In: Heinze, HJ., Münte, T.F., Mangun, G.R. (eds) Cognitive Electrophysiology. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0283-7_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0283-7_7
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