Abstract
Several hypotheses for human carcinogenesis have been proposed. A recent review (1) by Duesberg and Schwartz has critically analyzed the various hypotheses of carcinogenesis which include: (a) chromosomal aberrations (b) activation of proto-oncogenes (c) loss of anti-oncogenes (d) infection with certain viruses and (e) substitution of normal promoters of proto-oncogenes with strong promoters of viruses or cellular genes. Although structural and functional defects in several oncogenes in some human tumors have been observed, the frequency of their occurrence is seldom more than 50% of the cases. None of the above hypotheses by themselves is sufficient to explain the cause of the cancer. We propose a 4-stage model of carcinogenesis (2).
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Prasad, K.N. (1995). Vitamins Induce Cell Differentiation, Growth Inhibition and Enhance the Effect of Tumor Therapeutic Agents on Some Cancer Cells in Vitro. In: Prasad, K.N., Santamaria, L., Williams, R.M. (eds) Nutrients in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol 27. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0237-0_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0237-0_17
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