Abstract
Quadratic time-frequency representations (QTFRs) can be successful processing tools for different applications depending on the signal changes they can preserve. This chapter provides a tutorial on classes of QTFRs which are covariant to time shifts that match changes in the group delay function of the analysis signal. These changes may be constant or depend linearly or nonlinearly on frequency, and they may be the result of the signal propagating through systems with dispersive time-frequency characteristics. The unitary warping relationships of these group delay shift covariant QTFR classes to the constant time-shift covariant ones are established. Specific QTFR members are also presented together with the signal properties they satisfy. Various simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the importance of matching the time-frequency characteristics of the signal with the group delay shift of the QTFR.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
L. Cohen, Time-Frequency Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1995.
P. Flandrin, Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis. San Diego, California: Academic Press, 1999. (Translated from French, Temps fréquence. Paris: Hermès, 1993).
F. Hlawatsch and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Linear and quadratic time-frequency signal representations, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 9, pp. 21–67, April 1992.
B. Boashash, ed., Time-Frequency Signal Analysis—Methods and Applications. Melbourne, Australia: Longman-Cheshire, 1992.
S. Qian and D. Chen, Joint Time-Frequency Analysis: Methods and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1996.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, ed., Applications in Time-Frequency Signal Processing. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2002.
W. F. G. Mecklenbräuker and E. Hlawatsch, eds., The Wigner Distribution—Theory and Applications in Signal Processing. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1997.
L. Cohen, Generalized phase-space distribution functions, Journal of Mathematics and Physics, vol. 7, pp. 781–786, 1966.
T. A. C. M. Claasen and W. F. G. Mecklenbräuker, The Wigner distribution—A tool for time-frequency signal analysis, Part III: Relations with other time-frequency signal transformations, Philips Journal of Research, vol. 35, pp. 372–389, 1980.
B. Boashash, Time-frequency signal analysis, in Advances in Spectrum Estimation (S. Haykin, ed.), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1990.
G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Mixed time-frequency signal transformations, in The Transforms and Applications Handbook (A. Poularikas, ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1996.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, F. Hlawatsch, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Quadratic time-frequency representations with scale covariance and generalized time-shift covariance: A unified framework for the affine, hyperbolic, and power classes, Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal, vol. 8, pp. 3–48, January 1998.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, Time-varying processing: tutorial on principles and practice, in Applications in Time-Frequency Signal Processing (A. Papandreou-Suppappola, ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2002.
E. P. Wigner, On the quantum correction for thermo-dynamic equilibrium, Physics Review, vol. 40, pp. 749–759, 1932.
T. A. C. M. Claasen and W. E G. Mecklenbräuker, The Wigner distribution—A tool for time-frequency signal analysis, Part I: Continuous-time signals, Philips Journal of Research, vol. 35, pp. 217–250,1980.
T. A. C. M. Claasen and W. E G. Mecklenbräuker, The Wigner distribution—A tool for time-frequency signal analysis, Part II: Discrete-time signals, Philips Journal of Research, vol. 35, pp. 276–300, 1980.
E Hlawatsch and P. Flandrin, The interference structure of the Wigner distribution and related time-frequency signal representations, The Wigner Distribution—Theory and Applications in Signal Processing (W. Mecklenbräuker and F. Hlawatsch), Amsterdam: North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers, 1997.
L. R. Rabiner and R. W. Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1978.
R. A. Altes, Detection, estimation, and classification with spectrograms, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 67, pp. 1232–1246, April 1980.
J. Bertrand and P. Bertrand, A class of affine Wigner functions with extended covariance properties, Journal of Mathematics and Physics, vol. 33, pp. 2515–2527,1992.
O. Rioul and P. Flandrin, Time-scale energy distributions: A general class extending wavelet transforms, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp. 1746–1757, July 1992.
P. Flandrin and P. Gonçalvès, From wavelets to time-scale energy distributions, in Recent Advances in Wavelet Analysis (L. L. Schumaker and G. Webb, eds.), pp. 309–334, New York: Academic Press, 1994.
P. Flandrin and P. Gonçalvès, Geometry of affine time-frequency distributions, Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, vol. 3, pp. 10–39, January 1996.
O. Rioul and M. Vetterli, Wavelets and signal processing, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 8, pp. 14–38, October 1991.
A. Papandreou, F. Hlawatsch, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, The hyperbolic class of quadratic time-frequency representations, Part I: Constant-Q warping, the hyperbolic paradigm, properties, and members, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 41, pp. 3425–3444, December 1993.
F. Hlawatsch, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, The hyperbolic class of quadratic time-frequency representations, Part II: Subclasses, intersection with the affine and power classes, regularity, and unitarity, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 45, pp. 303–315, February 1997.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, R. L. Murray, B. G. Iem, and G. E Boudreaux-Bartels, Group delay shift covariant quadratic time-frequency representations, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 49, pp. 2549–2564, November 2001.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, Time-frequency representations covariant to group delay shifts, in lime-Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing (B. Boashash, ed.), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
R. A. Altes, Wide-band, proportional-bandwidth Wigner-Ville analysis, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 38, pp. 1005–1012, June 1990.
N. M. Marinovich, The Wigner Distribution and the Ambiguity Function: Generalizations, Enhancement, Compression and Some Applications. Ph.D. thesis, The City University of New York, 1986.
E Hlawatsch, A. Papandreou, and G. R Boudreaux-Bartels, The power classes of quadratic time-frequency representations: A generalization of the affine and hyperbolic classes, in Proceedings Twenty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, (Pacific Grove, California), pp. 1265–1270, November 1993.
F. Hlawatsch, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. E Boudreaux-Bartels, The power classes—quadratic time-frequency representations with scale covariance and dispersive time-shift covariance, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 47, pp. 3067–3083, November 1999.
A. Papandreou, F. Hlawatsch, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, A unified framework for the scale covariant affine, hyperbolic, and power class time-frequency representations using generalized time-shifts, in Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, May 1995.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, F. Hlawatsch, and G. R Boudreaux-Bartels, Power class time-frequency representations: Interference geometry, smoothing, and implementation, in Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis, (Paris, France), pp. 193–196, June 1996.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, Generalized time-shift covariant quadratic time-frequency representations with arbitrary group delays, in Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, (Pacific Grove, California), pp. 553–557, October/November 1995.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola and G. E Boudreaux-Bartels, The exponential class and generalized time-shift covariant quadratic time-frequency representations, in Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis, (Paris, France), pp. 429–432, June 1996.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, B. G. Iem, R. L. Murray, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Properties and implementation of the exponential class of quadratic time-frequency represen-tations, in Proceedings Thirtieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, (Pacific Grove, California), pp. 237–241, November 1996.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola, R. L. Murray, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Localized subclasses of quadratic time-frequency representations, in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, (Munich, Germany), pp. 2041–2044, April 1997.
R. G. Baraniuk and D. L. Jones, Warped wavelet bases: Unitary equivalence and signal processing, in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 3, (Minneapolis, Minnesota), pp. 320–323, April 1993.
R. G. Baraniuk, Warped perspectives in time-frequency analysis, in Proceedings IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), pp. 528–531, October 1994.
R. G. Baraniuk and D. L. Jones, Unitary equivalence: A new twist on signal processing, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 43, pp. 2269–2282, October 1995.
R. G. Baraniuk, Covariant time-frequency representations through unitary equivalence, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 3, pp. 79–81, March 1996.
F. Hlawatsch and H. Bölcskei, Displacement-covariant time-frequency distributions based on conjugate operators, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 3, pp. 44–46, February 1996.
F. Hlawatsch and T. Twaroch, Covariant (a, ß), time-frequency, and (a, b) representations, in Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis, (Paris, France), pp. 437–440, June 1996.
A. M. Sayeed and D. L. Jones, A canonical covariance-based method for generalized joint signal representations, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 3, pp. 121–123, April 1996.
A. M. Sayeed and D. L. Jones, A simple covariance-based characterization of joint signal representations of arbitrary variables, in Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis, (Paris, France), pp. 433–436, June 1996.
F. Hlawatsch, Duality and classification of bilinear time-frequency signal representations, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 39, pp. 1564–1574, July 1991.
L. Cohen, Time-Frequency Distribution—A review, Proceedings IEEE, vol. 77, pp. 941–981, July 1989.
G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, On the use of operators vs warpings vs axiomatic derivations of new time-frequency-scale (operator) representations, in Proceedings Twenty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, (Pacific Grove, California), October/November, 1994.
H. I. Choi and W. J. Williams, Improved time-frequency representation of multicomponent signals using exponential kernels, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, pp. 862–871, June 1989.
A. Papandreou and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Generalization of the Choi—Williams distribution and the Butterworth distribution for time-frequency analysis, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 41, pp. 463–472, January 1993.
P. Flandrin, Scale-invariant Wigner spectra and self-similarity, in Proceedings European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO-90, (Barcelona, Spain), pp. 149–152, September.
C. Braccini and G. Gambardella, Form-invariant linear filtering: Theory and applications, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 34, pp. 1612–1628, December 1986.
] J. Bertrand and P. Bertrand, Affine time-frequency distributions, in Time-Frequency Signal Analysis—Methods and Applications (B. Boashash, ed.), ch. 5, pp. 118–140, Melbourne, Australia: Longman-Cheshire, 1992.
F. Hlawatsch and R. L. Urbanke, Bilinear time-frequency representations of signals: The shift-scale invariant class, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 42, pp. 357–366, February 1994.
J. P. Sessarego, J. Sageloli, P. Flandrin, and M. Zakharia, Time-frequency Wigner–Ville analysis of echoes scattered by a spherical shell, in Wavelets, Time-Frequency Methods and Phase Space (J. M. Combes, A. Grossman, and P. Tchamitchian, eds.), pp. 147–153, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, December 1989.
G. C. Gaunaurd and H. C. Strifors, Signal analysis by means of time-frequency (Wigner-type) distributions—Applications to sonar and radar echoes, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 84, pp. 1231–1248, September 1996.
L. R. Dragonette, D. M. Drumheller, C. F. Gaumond, D. H. Hughes, and B. T. O’Connor, The application of two-dimensional signal transformations to the analysis and synthesis of structural excitations observed in acoustical scattering, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 84, pp. 1249–1263, September 1996.
I. Gohberg and S. Goldberg, Basic Operator Theory. Boston, Massachussets: Birkhäuser, 1980.
A. Papandreou, F. Hlawatsch, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, A unified framework for the Bertrand distribution and the Altes distribution: The new hyperbolic class of quadratic time-frequency distributions, in Proceedings IEEE Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis, (Victoria, Canada), pp. 27–30, October 1992.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Distortion that occurs when the signal group delay does not match the time-shift covariance of a time-frequency representation, in Proceedings 30th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, (Princeton, New Jersey), pp. 520–525, March 1996.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, The effect of mismatching analysis signals and time-frequency representations, in Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis, (Paris, France), pp. 149–152, June 1996.
A. Papandreou, F. Hlawatsch, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Quadratic time-frequency distributions: The new hyperbolic class and its intersection with the affine class, in Proceedings Sixth Signal Processing Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing, (Victoria, Canada), pp. 26–29, October 1992.
R. A. Altes and E. L. Titlebaum, Bat signals as optimally Doppler tolerant waveforms, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 48, pp. 1014–1020, October 1970.
P. Guillemain and R. White, Wavelet transforms for the analysis of dispersive systems, in Proceedings IEEE UK Symposium on Applications of Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Methods, (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK), pp. 32–39, August 1995.
D. E. Newland, Time-frequency and time-scale analysis by harmonic wavelets, in Signal Analysis and Prediction (A. Prochazka, ed.), ch. 1, Boston, Massachusetts: Birkhäuser, 1998.
D. E. Newland, Practical signal analysis: Do wavelets make any difference? in Proceedings ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, 16th Biennial Conference on Vibration and Noise, (Sacramento, California), 1997.
M. J. Freeman, M. E. Dunham, and S. Qian, Trans-ionospheric signal detection by time-scale representation, in Proceedings IEEE UK Symposium on Applications of Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Methods, (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK), pp. 152–158, August 1995.
A. Papandreou-Suppappola and L. T. Antonelli, Use of quadratic time-frequency representations to analyze cetacean mammal sounds, Tech. Rep. 11,284, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, December 2001.
K. G. Canfield and D. L. Jones, Implementing time-frequency representations for non-Cohen classes, Proceedings Twenty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, (Pacific Grove, California), November 1993.
V. S. Praveenkumar, Implementation of hyperbolic class of time frequency distributions and removal of cross-terms, Master’s thesis, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, May 1995.
R. L. Murray, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, New higher order spectra and time-frequency representations for dispersive signal analysis, in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 4, (Seattle, Washington), pp. 2305–2308, May 1998.
R. L. Murray. A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, A new class of affine higher order time-frequency representations, in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 3, (Phoenix, Arizona), pp. 1613–1616, March 1999.
B. Iem, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, Classes of smoothed Weyl symbols, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 7, pp. 186–188, July 2000.
B. G. Iem, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. E Boudreaux-Bartels, Wideband Weyl symbols for dispersive time-varying processing of systems and random signals, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol. 50, pp. 1077–1090, May 2002.
B. G. Iem, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, New concepts in narrowband and wideband Weyl correspondence time-frequency techniques, in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 3, (Seattle, Washington), pp. 1573–1576, May 1998.
B. G. Iem, A. Papandreou-Suppappola, and G. F. Boudreaux-Bartels, A wideband time-frequency Weyl symbol and its generalization, in Proceedings IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis, (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), pp. 29–32, October 1998.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Papandreou-Suppappola, A. (2003). Time-Frequency Processing of Time-Varying Signals with Nonlinear Group Delay. In: Debnath, L. (eds) Wavelets and Signal Processing. Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0025-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0025-3_10
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6578-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0025-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive