Abstract
Multimedia content is growing at an increasing pace. Making this content accessible to people with impairments is not only paramount but also a growing challenge in itself. Access services for people with visual or hearing impairments have been studied and refined over the last years, resulting in standards and laws to ensure that minimum amounts of accessible content are produced. Professional content producers have the knowledge and skills required to do so. However, individuals creating multimedia content to publish on the Internet usually lack both. In this chapter, we review existing access services, comprised of subtitles, sign language and audio descriptions. We complement this with a summary of research efforts that could assist both in the production and consumption of access services. Finally, we discuss how emerging technologies and techniques, like machine learning or crowdsourcing, can help us tackle the sheer amount of access services that need to be created to ensure all have equal access to produced content.
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Notes
- 1.
Discussed in the ‘Situationally-Induced Impairments and Disabilities’ chapter in the first part of this book.
- 2.
As defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-WCAG20-20060427/appendixA.html).
- 3.
For example, the National Association for the Deaf publishes a list of captioning tools (https://dcmp.org/learn/213).
- 4.
As defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-WCAG20-20060427/appendixA.html).
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As defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-WCAG20-20060427/appendixA.html).
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Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) (https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-wai-aria-20140320/).
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37 Staggering Video Marketing Statistics for 2018 | Wordstream (https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2017/03/08/video-marketing-statistics).
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under LASIGE Strategic Project—PEst-OE/EEI/UI0408/2014.
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Duarte, C., Fonseca, M.J. (2019). Multimedia Accessibility. In: Yesilada, Y., Harper, S. (eds) Web Accessibility. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_25
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