Abstract
The problem of designing a real-time implementable strategy to solve the energy management problem in hybrid electric vehicles and achieve a close-to-optimal solution has been the subject of extensive research over the last decade.
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Notes
- 1.
In virtue of the equivalence between the two strategies shown in Chap. 6, in the rest of the chapter, we do not distinguish between ECMS and PMP, and we conduct the study of adaptive methods with reference to the PMP—but the same considerations apply to ECMS.
- 2.
In some cases [1], PMP is used to indicate the offline implementation of the minimum principle with the optimal co-state, and ECMS for its online implementation based on adaptation of \(\lambda \).
- 3.
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Onori, S., Serrao, L., Rizzoni, G. (2016). Adaptive Optimal Supervisory Control Methods. In: Hybrid Electric Vehicles. SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering(). Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6781-5_7
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