Abstract
This injury refers to a fracture of both pedicles or pars inter-articularis of the axis vertebra (C2). Apart from hangings, the mechanism of injury – a sudden forceful hyperextension centred just under the chin – occurs mainly with deceleration injuries in which the victim’s face or chin strike an unyielding object with the neck in extension. The most recent and most useful classification is the four types classification proposed by Levine and Edwards, which is essentially a modification of Effendi and associates three types classification.
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Pneumaticos, S.G., Triantafyllopoulos, G.K. (2015). Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis (Hangman’s Fracture). In: Lasanianos, N., Kanakaris, N., Giannoudis, P. (eds) Trauma and Orthopaedic Classifications. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6572-9_45
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6572-9_45
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