Abstract
Management of the pediatric facial trauma patient presents a unique challenge to the clinician given the differences in anatomy, physiology and psychological development compared to the adult patient. These differences account for the overall low incidence of these injuries in the United States. Although many of these craniofacial injuries are treated in a conservative fashion, a high index of suspicion, and a thorough clinical exam should guide treatment even in the setting of normal radiographic studies. Often a multidisciplinary surgical team is needed to treat the various components of these complex injuries, especially considering the long-term effects that treatment may have on growth and development. This chapter discusses the treatment of frontal, orbital, nasal, mid-face and mandibular fractures, in addition to the management of soft tissue injuries as they pertain to the pediatric critical care specialist.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Vyas RM, Dickinson BP, Wasson KL, et al. Pediatric facial fractures: current national incidence, distribution, and health care resource use. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19:339–449.
Siy RW, Brown RH, Koshy JC, et al. General management considerations in pediatric facial fractures. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1190–5.
Morales JL, Skowronski PP, Thaller SR. Management of pediatric maxillary fractures. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:1226–33.
Hatef DA, Cole PD, Hollier Jr LH. Contemporary management of pediatric facial trauma. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;17:308–14.
Haug RH, Foss J. Maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90:126–34.
Zimmermann CE, Troulis MJ, Kaban LB. Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;35:2–13.
Posnick JC, Wells M, Pron GE. Pediatric facial fractures: evolving patterns of treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:836–44.
Nisenbaum HL, Birnbaum BA, Myers MM, et al. The costs of CT procedures in an academic radiology department determined by an activity-based costing (ABC) method. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2000;24:813–23.
Mettler Jr FA, Huda W, Yoshizumi TT, et al. Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: a catalog. Radiology. 2008;248:254–63.
Smith-Bindman R, Lipson J, Marcus R, et al. Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:2078–86.
Hirabayashi A, Unamoto N, Tachi M, et al. Optimized 3-D CT scan protocol for longitudinal morphologic estimation in craniofacial surgery. J Craniofac Surg. 2001;12:126–40.
Kaban LB. Diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the facial bones in children 1943-1993. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:722–9.
Maniglia AJ, Kline SN. Maxillofacial trauma in the pediatric age group. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1983;16:717–30.
Gussack GS, Luterman A, Powell RW, et al. Pediatric maxillofacial trauma: unique features in diagnosis and treatment. Laryngoscope. 1987;97:925–30.
Ryall RG, Peacock MK, Simpson DA. Usefulness of beta 2-transferrin assay in the detection of cerebrospinal fluid leaks following head injury. J Neurosurg. 1992;77:737–9.
Gerbino G, Roccia F, Bianchi FA, et al. Surgical management of orbital trapdoor fracture in a pediatric population. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1310–6.
Lyon DB, Raphtis CS. Management of complications of blepharoplasty. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1997;37:205–16.
Ogilvie MP, Pereira BM, Ryan ML, et al. Emergency department assessment and management of facial trauma from war-related injuries. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:1002–8.
Lee WT, Koltai PJ. Nasal deformity in neonates and young children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2003;50:459–67.
Desrosiers AE, Thaller SR. Pediatric nasal fractures: evaluation and management. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1327–9.
Manson PN. Facial injuries. In: McCarthy JG, editor. Plastic surgery, The face, vol. 2. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1990.
Posnick JC. Management of facial fractures in children and adolescents. Ann Plast Surg. 1994;33:442–57.
Lee D, Honardo C, Har-El G, et al. Pediatric temporal bone fractures. Laryngoscope. 1998;108:816–21.
Proffit WR, Vig KW, Turvey TA. Early fractures of the mandibular condyles: frequently an unsuspected cause of growth disturbances. Am J Orthod. 1980;78:1–24.
Singer AJ, Dagum AB. Current management of acute cutaneous wounds. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1037–46.
Cummings P, Del Beccaro MA. Antibiotics to prevent infection of simple wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Am J Emerg Med. 1995;13:396–400.
Vasconez HC, Buseman JL, Cunningham LL. Management of facial soft tissue injuries in children. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1320–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pan, B.S., Babiker, H.E., Billmire, D.A. (2014). Craniofacial Trauma. In: Wheeler, D., Wong, H., Shanley, T. (eds) Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6359-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6359-6_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-6358-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-6359-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)