Abstract
Controller area network (CAN) networked systems complexity is already very high and still significantly increasing. In addition, although CAN hardware and software is standardized, different suppliers may understand and implement the specifications differently. This bares the risk that a proper function of CAN networks with mixed suppliers’ components may be endangered. In conclusion, the system quality is endangered and testing of the suppliers’ components upfront is an effective means to safeguard quality.
The basic test philosophy is given in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9546 standard. From there this section derives a generic architecture and resulting implementations for test systems checking the conformance—thatis the compliance of a component to its specification—of CAN transceivers, CAN data link layer (DLL) and CAN higher layer software.
Even CAN transceivers are very complex systems. Therefore, automotive manufacturers funded the development of standard transceiver conformance tests. This subsection describes how test cases (TCs) were derived and standardized in ISO 11898-5. The corresponding test system is presented.
Another subsection explains the ISO 16845 standard conformance tests for CAN DLL. The tester architecture according to ISO 9646 standard test philosophy its implementation and operation are described.
The section on CAN software testing more generally focuses on the AUTOSAR architecture system and testing of any hardware and software system. A generic test system architecture is presented which can be implemented either for real time or simulation tests.
A final section on model-based testing closes this chapter.
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Notes
- 1.
Functional interface: Medium-Dependent Interface (MDI).
- 2.
Physical (electrical, optical) and mechanical interface: Physical Medium Attachment (PMA).
- 3.
According to Sect. 6.1, blur of interpretation means: in the interpretation of a specification for the purpose of implementation, small deviations between the intended content of specification (goal of the author) and implementation (interpretation of converter ligands) can occur.
- 4.
The principle of redundancy is the following: If a system fails, another one is available that takes the tasks of the failed system.
- 5.
A conformance test verifies the conformity of the features of a test object with the requirements that are put to the test object. These requirements are described in the specification of the test object.
- 6.
At that time, a group within the University of Applied Sciences Braunschweig/Wolfenbuettel; today: C&S group GmbH.
- 7.
Another reason is the difficulty to satisfactorily emulate the bus–side interface of the CAN transceiver with its complex dynamic impedance and time response by appropriate generators.
- 8.
The stimuli, to which a test object is to be exposed, are divided into a finite number of classes. From the values within each class, it is believed that they deliver an equivalent result, and therefore, only one value from each class must be considered.
- 9.
Extension of the equivalence class analysis: the limits of the classes and the values directly above and directly below the limits are considered.
- 10.
The number of CAN nodes in the standard network is different for the testing of CAN low-speed transceivers and high-speed transceivers.
- 11.
Details of these services can be found in the test specification for each CAN transceiver.
- 12.
Manufacturer: Philips, Infineon, Motorola, STM.
- 13.
This is related to the scope of this section with regard to the physical layer of automotive networked electronics. In other application area, such as mechanical engineering, modeling and model checking are more typical.
- 14.
Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis—there are optimized and commercially available versions such as PSPICE or HSPICE.
- 15.
Continuous behaviour with regard to time and/or data.
- 16.
Based on the law of conservation of energy; e.g., Kirchhoff laws.
- 17.
Signal flow systems for e.g. transfer functions in control systems.
- 18.
Top-level model description of a simulation.
- 19.
By external programs through the simulator or by the simulator itself.
- 20.
FACTS stands for Flexible Adaptable Customizable Test System. This is the generic product name of various test products applied at C&S such as FACTS.CAN.COM/NM and FACTS.AUTOSAR.
- 21.
K-Matrix stands for communication matrix because the database also describes which signal is sent and received by which node.
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© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
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Lawrenz, W., Cañas, F., Fischer, M., Krauß, S., Kukla, L., Obermoeller, N. (2013). Testing. In: Lawrenz, W. (eds) CAN System Engineering. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5613-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5613-0_6
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