Abstract
Vacuum systems are required to remove air and to control the pressure of fuel gases in fusion reactors. The gas flow may be viscous (where collisions between molecules are dominant) or molecular (where collisions with the walls are dominant). The gas flow equations are similar to those for current flow in an electrical circuit. Vacuum pumping is done by reciprocating mechanical pumps, turbomolecular pumps (similar to gas turbines), jet pumps, cryosorption pumps, sublimation pumps, and cryogenic pumps. Pressure is measured by mechanical gages, manometers, thermocouple gages, and ionization gages. Vacuum chambers should be made of materials with low outgassing, and should be thoroughly polished, cleaned, and baked. ITER will use large turbomolecular and cryogenic pumps to remove helium and to maintain low pressures in the neutral beam injectors.
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Dolan, T.J., Neumann, M.J. (2013). Vacuum Systems. In: Dolan, T. (eds) Magnetic Fusion Technology. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 19. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5556-0_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5556-0_9
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