Mitral Valve Repairs

Abstract

Mitral valve congenital anomalies may involve one or more components of the valve and may result in stenosis, insufficiency, or a combination of both. Classification of these anomalies is challenged by the different anatomic conditions that produce the aberrations causing hemodynamic compromise. A segmental approach is useful from an anatomic point of view. Stenotic lesions can be characterized as supravalvar (encircling rings), annular hypoplasia, valvar restrictions, and subvalvar conditions. Congenital regurgitant lesions, which are less common, can be characterized as annular dilatation, valvar deficiencies, chordal abnormalities, and papillary muscle anomalies. Advanced diagnostic imaging modalities and improved surgical techniques have resulted in reproducible and excellent clinical outcomes; most patients can now be treated with valve repair techniques instead of valve replacement options.