Abstract
Anal Canal Carcinoma (with Comments on Pelvic Exenteration): this chapter outlines the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, investigations, treatments and prognosis of cancer at this anatomical site. These features are correlated with the core data that are required to make the corresponding histopathology reports of a consistently high quality, available in an appropriate timeframe, and clinically relevant to patient management and prognosis. Summary details of the common cancers given at this site include: gross description, histological types, tumour grade/differentiation, extent of local tumour spread, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and the status of excision margins. Current WHO Classifications of Malignant Tumours and TNM7 are referenced. Notes are provided on other associated pathology, contemporary use of immunohistochemistry, updates on the role of evolving molecular tests, and the use of these ancillary techniques as biomarkers in diagnosis, and prediction of prognosis and treatment response. A summary is given of the commoner non-carcinoma malignancies that are encountered at this site in diagnostic practice.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Allen DC. Histopathology reporting: guidelines for surgical cancer. 2nd ed. London: Springer; 2006.
Balachandra B, Marcus V, Jass JR. Poorly differentiated tumours of the anal canal: a diagnostic strategy for the surgical pathologist. Histopathology. 2007;50:163–74.
Bosman FT, Carneiro F. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC press; 2010.
Day DW, Jass JR, Price AB, Shepherd NA, Sloan JM, Talbot IC, Warren BF, Williams GT. Morson and Dawson’s gastrointestinal pathology. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Sciences; 2003.
Fielding LP, Goldberg SM, editors. Rob and Smith’s operative surgery: surgery of the colon, rectum and anus. 5th ed. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1993.
Goldblum JR, Hart WR. Perianal Paget’s disease. A histologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases with and without associated rectal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:170–9.
Mitchell KA, Owens SR. Anal carcinoma and its differential diagnosis. Diagn Histopathol. 2008;14:61–7.
Odze RD, Goldblum JR. Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2009.
Riddell RH, Petras RE, Williams GT, Sobin LH. Tumors of the intestines. Atlas of tumor pathology. 3rd series. Fascicle 32. AFIP: Washington; 2003.
Serra A, Chetty R. Tumours of the anal canal. Curr Diagn Pathol. 2006;12:136–51.
Simpson JAD, Scholefield JH. Diagnosis and management of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer. BMJ. 2011;343:1004–9.
Williams GR, Sheffield JP, Love SB, Talbot IC. Morphology of anal carcinoma: a reappraisal. Curr Diagn Pathol. 1995;2:32–7.
Williams GR, Talbot IC. Anal carcinoma: a histological review. Histopathology. 1994;25:507–16.
Wittekind CF, Greene FL, Hutter RVP, Klimpfinger M, Sobib LH. TNM atlas: illustrated guide to the TNM/pTNM classification of malignant tumours. 5th ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005.
Pelvic Exenteration
Ferenschild FTJ, Vermaas M, Verhoef C, Ansink AC, Kirkels WJ, Eggermont AMM, de Wilt JHW. Total pelvic exenteration for primary and recurrent malignancies. World J Surg. 2009;33:1502–8.
Rodrigues-Bigas MA, Petrelli NJ. Pelvic exenteration and its modifications. Am J Surg. 1996;171:293–8.
Temple WJ, Saettler EB. Locally recurrent rectal cancer: role of composite resection of extensive pelvic tumors with strategies for minimizing risk of recurrence. J Surg Oncol. 2000;73:47–58.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Allen, D.C. (2013). Anal Canal Carcinoma (with Comments on Pelvic Exenteration). In: Histopathology Reporting. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5263-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5263-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5262-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5263-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)