Abstract
Embolization techniques are largely used to treat vascular and traumatic disease of hepatic arteries as well as hepatic tumors.
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References
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Suggested Reading
Liapi E, Geschwind JFH. Intra-arterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: where do we stand? Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:1234–46.
Llovet JM, Bruix J. A systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology. 2003;37:429–42.
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Tinkoff G, Esposito TJ, Reed J, et al. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma organ injury scale 1: spleen, liver and kidney, validation based on the national data bank. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207:646–55.
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Appendix: Liver Trauma: AAST Classification [9]
Appendix: Liver Trauma: AAST Classification [9]
Gradea | Type of injury | Description of injuries | AIS |
---|---|---|---|
I | Hematoma | Subcapsular, <10Â % of surface area | 2 |
Laceration | Capsular tear, <1Â cm of parenchymal depth | 2 | |
II | Hematoma | Subcapsular, 10–50 % surface area: intraparenchymal <10 cm in diameter | 2 |
Laceration | Capsular tear: 1–3 cm parenchymal depth, <10 cm length | 2 | |
III | Hematoma | Subcapsular, >50Â % surface area of ruptured subcapsular, or parenchymal hematoma | 3 |
Laceration | Intraparenchymal hematoma >10Â cm or expanding >3Â cm of parenchymal depth | 3 | |
IV | Laceration | Parenchymal disruption involving 25–75 % hepatic lobe or 1–3 Couinaud’s segments | 4 |
V | Laceration | Parenchymal disruption involving >75 % of hepatic lobe or >3 Couinaud’s segments within a single lobe | 5 |
Vascular | Juxtahepatic venous injuries, i.e., retrohepatic vena cava/central major hepatic veins | 5 | |
VI | Vascular | Hepatic avulsion | 6 |
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Boyer, L., Buc, E., Pezet, D., Vo, T.D., Chabrot, P. (2014). Hepatic Artery Embolizations. In: Chabrot, P., Boyer, L. (eds) Embolization. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5182-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5182-1_6
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