Abstract
Increasing penetrations of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind, on the utility grid have led to concerns over the reliability of the grid. One approach for improving grid reliability with increasing wind penetrations is to actively control the real power output of wind turbines and wind power plants. Providing a full range of responses requires derating wind power plants so that there is headroom to both increase and decrease power to provide grid balancing services and stabilizing responses. Results thus far indicate that wind turbines may be able to provide primary frequency control and frequency regulation services more rapidly than conventional power plants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Bibliography
Aho J, Buckspan A, Pao L, Fleming P (2013a) An active power control system for wind turbines capable of primary and secondary frequency control for supporting grid reliability. In: Proceedings of the AIAA aerospace sciences meeting, Grapevine, Jan 2013
Aho J, Buckspan A, Dunne F, Pao LY (2013b) Controlling wind energy for utility grid reliability. ASME Dyn Syst Control Mag 1(3):4–12
Aho J, Fleming P, Pao LY (2016) Active power control of wind turbines for ancillary services: a comparison of pitch and torque control methodologies. In: Proceedings of the American control conference, Boston, July 2016, pp 1407–1412
Barthelmie RJ, Hansen K, Frandsen ST, Rathmann O, Schepers JG, Schlez W, Phillips J, Rados K, Zervos A, Politis ES, Chaviaropoulos PK (2009) Modelling and measuring flow and wind turbine wakes in large wind farms offshore. Wind Energy 12:431–444
Boersma S, Doekemeijer BM, Siniscalchi-Minna S, van Wingerden JW (2019) A constrained wind farm controller providing secondary frequency regulation: an LES study. Renew Energy 134:639–652
Broehl J, Asmus P (2018) World wind energy market update 2018. Navigant Research, Sep 2018
Buckspan A, Pao L, Aho J, Fleming P (2013) Stability analysis of a wind turbine active power control system. In: Proceedings of the American control conference, Washington, DC, June 2013, pp 1420–1425
Callaway DS, Hiskens IA (2011) Achieving controllability of electric loads. Proc IEEE 99(1):184–199
Castillo A, Gayme DF (2014) Grid-scale energy storage applications in renewable energy integration: a survey. Energy Convers Manag 87:885–894
DÃaz-Gonzalez F, Hau M, Sumper A, Gomis-Bellmunt O (2014) Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: review of grid code requirements and control methods. Renew Sust Energ Rev 34: 551–564
Ela E, Milligan M, Kirby B (2011) Operating reserves and variable generation. Technical report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/TP-5500-51928
Ela E, Gevorgian V, Fleming P, Zhang YC, Singh M, Muljadi E, Scholbrock A, Aho J, Buckspan A, Pao L, Singhvi V, Tuohy A, Pourbeik P, Brooks D, Bhatt N (2014) Active power controls from wind power: bridging the gaps. Technical report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/TP-5D00-60574, Jan 2014
Fleming P, Aho J, Buckspan A, Ela E, Zhang Y, Gevorgian V, Scholbrock A, Pao L, Damiani R (2016) Effects of power reserve control on wind turbine structural loading. Wind Energy 19(3):453–469
Jain B, Jain S, Nema RK (2015) Control strategies of grid interfaced wind energy conversion system: an overview. Renew Sust Energ Rev 47:983–996
Karthikeya BR, Schutt RJ (2014) Overview of wind park control strategies. IEEE Trans Sust Energ 5(2): 416–422
Knudsen T, Bak T, Svenstrup M (2015) Survey of wind farm control – power and fatigue optimization. Wind Energy 18(8):1333–1351
Okumus I, Dinler A (2016) Current status of wind energy forecasting and a hybrid method for hourly predictions. Energy Convers Manag 123:362–371
Palensky P, Dietrich D (2011) Demand-side management: demand response, intelligent energy systems, and smart loads. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 7(3):381–388
Pickard WF, Abbott D (eds) (2012) The intermittency challenge: massive energy storage in a sustainable future. Proc IEEE 100(2):317–321. Special issue
Pinson P (2013) Wind energy: forecasting challenges for its operational management. Stat Sci 28(4):564–585
Porté-Agel F, Wu Y-T, Chen C-H (2013) A numerical study of the effects of wind direction on turbine wakes and power losses in a large wind farm. Energies 6:5297–5313
Shapiro CR, Bauweraerts P, Meyers J, Meneveau C, Gayme DF (2017) Model-based receding horizon control of wind farms for secondary frequency regulation. Wind Energy 20(7):1261–1275
Vali M, Petrovic V, Steinfeld G, Pao LY, Kühn M (2019) An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer. Wind Energy Sci 4(1):139–161
Wilches-Bernal F, Chow JH, Sanchez-Gasca JJ (2016) A fundamental study of applying wind turbines for power system frequency control. IEEE Trans Power Syst 31(2):1496–1505
Wiser R, Bolinger M (2018) 2017 Wind technologies market report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report, Aug 2018
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Pao, L.Y. (2020). Active Power Control of Wind Power Plants for Grid Integration. In: Baillieul, J., Samad, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Systems and Control. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_272-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_272-2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5102-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5102-9
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Active Power Control of Wind Power Plants for Grid Integration- Published:
- 31 March 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_272-2
-
Original
Active Power Control of Wind Power Plants for Grid Integration- Published:
- 18 March 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_272-1