Abstract
Monitoring can be seen as putting the self into self-management. Just as in psychology, the self is the representation of one’s experience or one’s identity; in autonomic computing, the data obtained from monitoring contributes to the representation of the system’s experience or current state, self-knowledge if you like. Knowing the system state both from a functional and non-functional perspective is fundamental to being able to perform the operations necessary to achieve system goals at the desired level.
To maintain the analogy, just as a human can become self-conscious, that is, excessively conscious of one’s appearance or manner leading to suboptimal functioning, so too can an autonomic system. Here where there is too much monitored data or the understanding of that data is erroneous or unclear which means the system is trying to change but does not know how to. Therefore, there have been a number of approaches to the monitoring of autonomic computing systems, the aim being to minimise the intrusiveness of the monitoring function while ensuring sufficient system self-awareness to optimise decision-making.
This section will focus on the monitoring function. To this end, we focus on the establishment of absolute measureable technical metrics that represent the performance or state of the system. This data can then be processed and these conclusions used to derive whether or not a system is meeting its quality levels or fulfilling a contractual obligation at the much higher levels of abstraction.
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Notes
- 1.
To monitor (vb): “to watch, keep track of, or check usually for a special purpose” (Merriam-Webster online dictionary—http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/monitoring); “to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it” (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s dictionary—http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/monitor_5).
- 2.
An increasing number of log management services are becoming available to deal with the progressively high amount of system monitoring data. These include open-source solutions, such as GrayLog2 (http://graylog2.org), LogStash (http://logstash.net) or Sentry (http://sentry.readthedocs.org/en/latest), and commercial services, including LogEntries (https://logentries.com), Sumologic (http://www.sumologic.com), Loggly (http://loggly.com) or Splunk Storm (https://www.splunkstorm.com).
- 3.
GNU gprof profiler: http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/old/texinfo/as/gprof.html
- 4.
JVM Tool Interface: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/platform/jvmti/jvmti.html
- 5.
Intel(R) VTuneTM Amplifier—Performance Profiling Tools: http://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-vtune-amplifier-xe
- 6.
- 7.
Or a self-protecting system that can react to detected threats or a self-configuring system that can dynamically integrate new components, etc.
- 8.
NCSU’s InfoScope: Continuous Information Monitoring for Large-Scale Distributed Systems: http://dance.csc.ncsu.edu/projects/infoscope
- 9.
JVMTI homepage: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/jvmti; JVMTI replaces previous utilities that provided similar functions, namely, the Java Virtual Machine Profiler Interface (JVMPI) and the Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface (JVMDI).
- 10.
COMPAS project: http://compas.sourceforge.net
- 11.
CLIF project : http://clif.ow2.org
- 12.
Ganglia project: http://ganglia.sourceforge.net
- 13.
Clumon project: http://clumon.ncsa.illinois.edu
- 14.
Supermon project: http://supermon.sourceforge.net
- 15.
Big Brother® Software homepage: http://bb4.com
- 16.
Tivoli Monitoring software: http://www-01.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/monitor
- 17.
Composite Probes and CLIF (http://clif.ow2.org) projects were developed at Orange Labs, France, and based on the Fractal component technology (http://fractal.ow2.org)
- 18.
CiliaMediation project (https://github.com/AdeleResearchGroup/Cilia) was developed by the Adèle team at University of Grenoble in collaboration with Orange Labs, France, and based on based on a dynamic service-oriented component technology—iPOJO/OSGi (www.ipojo.org) (discussed in Chap. 9).
- 19.
The Eclipse Test and Performance Tools Platform (TPTP) Project: http://www.eclipse.org/tptp
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Lalanda, P., McCann, J.A., Diaconescu, A. (2013). The Monitoring Function. In: Autonomic Computing. Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5007-7_5
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