Abstract
This chapter presents an introduction to speech compression techniques, together with a detailed description of speech/audio compression standards including narrowband, wideband and fullband codecs. We will start with the fundamental concepts of speech signal digitisation, speech signal characteristics such as voiced speech and unvoiced speech and speech signal representation. We will then discuss three key speech compression techniques, namely waveform compression, parametric compression and hybrid compression methods. This is followed by a consideration of the concept of narrowband, wideband and fullband speech/audio compression. Key features of standards for narrowband, wideband and fullband codecs are then summarised. These include ITU-T, ETSI and IETF speech/audio codecs, such as G.726, G.728, G.729, G.723.1, G.722.1, G.719, GSM/AMR, iLBC and SILK codecs. Many of these codecs are widely used in VoIP applications and some have also been used in teleconferencing and telepresence applications. Understanding the principles of speech compression and main parameters of speech codecs such as frame size, codec delay, bitstream is important to gain a deeper understanding of the later chapters on Media Transport, Signalling and Quality of Experience (QoE) for VoIP applications.
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Sun, L., Mkwawa, IH., Jammeh, E., Ifeachor, E. (2013). Speech Compression. In: Guide to Voice and Video over IP. Computer Communications and Networks. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4905-7_2
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