Abstract
Exposure to lead causes a number of diseases, including mild mental retardation resulting from loss of IQ points, as well as increased blood pressure, gastrointestinal effects. Several other disease outcomes have been associated with exposure to lead, but evidence is considered insufficient at this time for a quantitative assessment of their impact on health to be made here. Lead, due to its multiplicity of uses (e.g. leaded petrol, lead in paints, ceramics, food cans, make-up, traditional remedies, batteries), is present in air, dust, soil and water to varying degrees. Each of these media can act as a route of human exposure, through ingestion or inhalation and, to a small degree for organic lead compounds, dermal absorption. Human exposure can be assessed directly, through body burden measurements (lead in blood, teeth or bone) or indirectly, by measuring levels of lead in the environment (air, dust, food or water).
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. China (No. 41171256, 41071069), Health Department of Hubei Province of P.R. China (No. JX4B49), Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China (Q20102803).
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Hao, H., Zhong, R., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Zhong, X. (2013). Research of Internal Temperature Distribution for Liver Tissues Under Laser Irradiation. In: Du, W. (eds) Informatics and Management Science I. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 204. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4802-9_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4802-9_2
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