Abstract
Direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a direct connection between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus (CS) caused by a rent in wall of cavernous carotid artery. It is usually a rapid fistula with arterial pressure of the ICA transmitted to the CS and its venous drainage pathways. CCF is uncommon in the developed world.
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Bradley, M. (2014). Endovascular Management of Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula. In: Murphy, K., Robertson, F. (eds) Interventional Neuroradiology. Techniques in Interventional Radiology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4582-0_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4582-0_12
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