Abstract
Control valves are the most commonly used actuators or final control elements in the process industries. Many surveys indicate that about 20–30 % of all control loops oscillate due to valve problems caused by valve nonlinearities, such as stiction, hysteresis, dead-band or dead-zone. Many control loops in process plants perform poorly due to valve static friction (stiction) as one of the most common equipment problems. Valve stiction in control loops causes oscillations in form of limit cycles. This phenomenon increases variability in product quality, accelerates equipment wear, or leads to control system instability. This chapter is devoted to the illustration of the actuator stiction effect on control-loop performance and to a review of the most important techniques for automatic stiction detection, to be incorporated in performance monitoring. A basic oscillation diagnosis procedure is then proposed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
A Simulink model of this stiction model is available for download at http://www.ualberta.ca/slshah/valvestictionform.htm.
References
Armstrong-Hélouvry B, Dupont P, De Wit CC (1994) A survey of models, analysis tools and compensation methods for the control of machine with friction. Automatica 30:1083–1138
Bialkowski WL (1993) Dreams vs. reality: a view from both sides of the gap. Pulp & Paper Canada 94:19–27
Choudhury MAAS, Shah SL, Thornhill NF (2004) Diagnosis of poor control-loop performance using higher-order statistics. Automatica 40:1719–1728
Choudhury MAAS, Kariwala V, Shah SL, Douke H, Takada H, Thornhill NF (2005a) A simple test to confirm control valve stiction. In: Proc IFAC world congress, Praha
Choudhury MAAS, Thornhill NF, Shah SL (2005b) Modelling valve stiction. Control Eng Pract 13:641–658
Choudhury MAAS, Thornhill NF, Shah SL, Shook DS (2006a) Automatic detection and quantification of stiction in control valves. Control Eng Pract 14:1395–1412
Choudhury MAAS, Shah SL, Thornhill NF (2008) Diagnosis of process nonlinearities and valve stiction—data driven approaches. Springer, London
Connell R (1996) Process instrumentation application manual. McGaw-Hill, New York
Desborough L, Miller R (2002) Increasing customer value of industrial control performance monitoring—Honeywell’s experience. AIChE Symp Ser 98(326):153–186
Ender D (1993) Process control performance: not as good as you think. Control Eng 40:180–190
EnTech (1998) EnTech control valve dynamic specification. Version 3.0
Fisher-Rosemount (1999) Control valve handbook. Fisher Controls International Inc., Marshalltown
Forsman K (2000) On detection and classification of valve stiction. In: Proc TAPPI conf process control, Williamsburg, USA
Gerry J, Ruel M (2001) How to measure and combat valve stiction online. In: Instrumentation, systems and automation society, Houston, TX, USA. www.expertune.com/articles/isa2001/StictionMR.htm
He QP, Wang J, Pottmannn M, Qin SJ (2007) A curve fitting method for detecting valve stiction in oscillating control loops. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:4549–4560
Horch A (1999) A simple method for detection of stiction in control valves. Control Eng Pract 7:1221–1231
Horch A (2007) Benchmarking control loops with oscillations and stiction. In: Ordys AW, Uduehi D, Johnson MA (eds) Process control performance assessment. Springer, Berlin, pp 227–257
Horch A, Isaksson AJ (1998) A method for detection of stiction in control valves. In: Proc IFAC workshop on on-line fault detection and supervision in chemical process industry, Lyon, France
ISA Subcommittee SP75.05 (1979) Process instrumentation terminology. Technical report ANSI/ISA-S51.1-1979, Instrument Society of America
Jelali M, Kroll A (2003) Hydraulic servo-systems: modelling, identification and control. Springer, Berlin
Kano M, Maruta H, Kugemoto H, Shimizu K (2004) Practical model and detection algorithm for valve stiction. In: Proc IFAC symp DYCOPS, Boston, USA
Karnopp D (1985) Computer simulation of stick-slip friction in mechanical dynamical systems. J Dyn Syst Meas Control 10:100–103
Lunze J (2007) Automatisierungstechnik. Oldenbourg, Munich
Manum H (2006) Analysis of techniques for automatic detection and quantification of stiction in control loops. Diploma thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Manum H, Scali C (2006) Closed loop performance monitoring: automatic diagnosis of valve stiction by means of a technique based on shape analysis formalism. In: Proc internat congress on methodologies for emerging technologies in automation (ANIPLA), Rome, Italy
McMillan GK (1995) Improve control valve response. Chem Eng Prog: Meas Control June:77–84
Olsson H (1996) Control systems with friction. PhD thesis, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden
Olsson H, Åström KJ, de Wit CC, Gafvert M, Lischinsky P (1998) Friction models and friction compensation. Eur J Control 4:176–195
Panteley E, Ortega R, Gäfvert M (1998) An adaptive friction compensator for global tracking in robot manipulators. Syst Control Lett 33:307–313
Paulonis MA, Cox JW (2003) A practical approach for large-scale controller performance assessment, diagnosis, and improvement. J Process Control 13:155–168
Piipponen J (1996) Controlling processes with nonideal valves: tuning of loops and selection of valves. In: Preprints of control systems, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, pp 179–186
Rengaswany R, Venkatasubramanian V (1995) A syntactic pattern-recognition approach for process monitoring and fault diagnosis. Eng Appl Artif lntell 8:35–51
Rossi R, Scali C (2005) A comparison of techniques for automatic detection of stiction: simulation and application to industrial data. J Process Control 15:505–514
Ruel M (2000) Stiction: the hidden menace. Control Mag 13:69–75. http://www.expertune.com/articles/RuelNov2000/stiction.html
Salsbury TI (2006) Control performance assessment for building automation systems. In: IFAC workshop on energy saving control in plants and buildings, Bulgaria
Seborg DE, Edgar TF, Mellichamp DA (2004) Process dynamics and control. Wiley, New York
Singhal A, Salsbury TI (2005) A simple method for detecting valve stiction in oscillating control loops. J Process Control 15:371–382
Srinivasan R, Rengaswany R, Miller R (2005a) Control loop performance assessment. 1. A qualitative approach for stiction diagnosis. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:6708–6718
Srinivasan R, Rengaswany R, Narasimhan S, Miller R (2005b) Control loop performance assessment. 2. Hammerstein model approach for stiction diagnosis. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:6719–6728
Stenman A, Gustafsson F, Forsman K (2003) A segmentation-based method for detection of stiction in control valves. Int J Adapt Control Signal Process 17:625–634
Stribeck R (1902) Die wesentlichen Eigenschaften der Gleit- und Rollenlager. Z Ver Dtsch Ing XXXXVI:1341–1348
Thornhill NF, Cox J, Paulonis M (2003a) Diagnosis of plant-wide oscillation through data-driven analysis and process understanding. Control Eng Pract 11:1481–1490
Thornhill NF, Huang B, Shah SL (2003b) Controller performance assessment in set point tracking and regulatory control. Int J Adapt Control Signal Process 17:709–727
Thornhill NF, Huang B, Zhang H (2003c) Detection of multiple oscillations in control loops. J Process Control 13:91–100
Yamashita Y (2006) An automatic method for detection of valve stiction in process control loops. Control Eng Pract 14:503–510
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jelali, M. (2013). Diagnosis of Stiction-Related Actuator Problems. In: Control Performance Management in Industrial Automation. Advances in Industrial Control. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4546-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4546-2_11
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4545-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4546-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)