Abstract
After reading this chapter, you should know the answers to these questions:
-
Why are standards important in biomedical informatics?
-
What data standards are necessary to be able to exchange data seamlessly among systems?
-
What organizations are active in standards development?
-
What aspects of biomedical information management are supported today by standards?
-
What is the process for creating consensus standards?
-
What factors and organizations influence the creation of standards?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
The current standard for railroad-track gauge originated with Roman chariot builders, who set the axle length based on the width of two horses. This axle length became a standard as road ruts developed, requiring that the wheels of chariots—and all subsequent carriages—be the right distance apart to drive in the ruts. When carriage makers were called on to develop railway rolling stock, they continued to use the same axle standard.
- 2.
Interestingly, medical informaticians were responsible for the second ANSI standard language: MUMPS (now known as M).
- 3.
http://www.healthit.gov/newsroom/about-onc (accessed 4/26/13)
- 4.
www.opengalen.org (accessed 4/26/13)
- 5.
loinc.org (accessed 4/26/13)
References
American Society for Testing and Materials. (1999). Standard guide for properties of a universal healthcare identifier (UHID) (E1714-95.). West Conshohocken: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Campbell, K.E., Tuttle, M.S., Spackman, & K.A. (1998). A “lexically-suggested logical closure” metric for medical terminology maturity. In Proceedings of the 1998 AMIA Annual Fall Symposium (pp. 785–789), Orlando.
Coenen, A., McNeil, B., Bakken, S., Bickford, C., Warren, J. J., & American Nurses Association Committee on Nursing Practice Information Infrastructure. (2001). Toward comparable nursing data: American Nurses Association criteria for data sets, classification systems, and nomenclatures. Computers in Nursing, 19(6), 240–246.
Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. (1978). International classification of diseases, ninth revision, with clinical modifications (ICD-9-CM). Ann Arbor: American Hospital Association.
Côté, R. A., & Rothwell, D. J. (1993). The systematised nomenclature of human and veterinary medicine, 1993. Northfield: College of American Pathologits.
Henry (Bakken), S. B., & Mead, C. N. (1997). Nursing classification systems: Necessary but not sufficient for representing “what nurses do” for inclusion in computer-based patient record systems. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 4(3), 222–232.
Humphreys, B. L. (Ed.). (1990). UMLS knowledge sources – first experimental edition documentation. Bethesda: National Library of Medicine.
International Standards Organization. (1987). Information processing systems-Concepts and terminology for the conceptual schema and the information base. (ISO TR 9007:1987.): International Standards Organization.
Jollis, J. G., Ancukiewicz, M., DeLong, E. R., Pryor, D. B., Muhlbaier, L. H., & Mark, D. B. (1993). Discordance of databases designed for claims payment versus clinical information systems. Implications for outcomes research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119(8), 844–850.
Kurtzke, J. F. (1979). ICD-9: A regression. American Journal of Epidemiology, 108(4), 383–393.
Libicki, M. C. (1995). Information technology standards: Quest for the common byte. Boston: Digital Press.
Nelson, S.J., Brown, S.H., Erlbaum, M.S., Olson, N., Powell, T., Carlsen, B., Carter, J., Tuttle, M.S., & Hole, W.T. (2002). A semantic normal form for clinical drugs in the UMLS: Early experience with the VANDF. Proceedings of the AMIA Fall Symposium, 557–561.
NHS Centre for Coding and Classification. (1994). Read Codes (Version 3). (April ed.). London: NHS Management Executive, Department of Health.
Read, J. D. (1990). Computerizing medical language. In H. DeGlanville & J. Roberts (Eds.), Current perspectives in health computing HC90 (pp. 203–208). Computing: British Journal of Health Care.
Read, J.D., & Benson, T.J. (1986). Comprehensive coding. British Journal of Health Care Computing. 22–25.
Rector, A. L., Glowinski, A. J., Nowlan, W. A., & Rossi-Mori, A. (1995). Medical-concept models and medical records: An approach based on GALEN and PEN & PAD. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 2(1), 19–35.
Simborg, D. W., Chadwick, M., Whiting-O’Keefe, Q. E., Tolchin, S. G., Kahn, S. A., & Bergan, E. S. (1983). Local area networks and the hospital. Computers and Biomedical Research, 16(3), 247–259.
Spackman, K. A. (2000). SNOMED RT and SNOMEDCT. Promise of an international clinical terminology. MD Computing, 17(6), 29.
Spackman, K.A., Campbell, K.E., & Cote, R.A. (1997a). SNOMED RT: a reference terminology for health care. Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Fall Symposium, 640–644.
Spackman, K. A., Campbell, K. E., et al. (1997b). SNOMED-RT: A reference terminology for health care. In D. R. Masys (Ed.), Proceedings, AMIA annual fall symposium (pp. 640–644). Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus.
Stallings, W. (1987a). The open systems interconnection (OSI) model and OSI-related standards (Vol. 1). New York: Macmillian.
Tanenbaum, A. S. (1987). Computer networks (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
World Health Organization. (1992). International classification of diseases index. Tenth revision. Volume (Tabular list, Vol. 1). Geneva: The World Health Organization.
College of American Pathologists. (1971). Systematized nomenclature of pathology. Chicago: The College of American Pathologists.
Harris, M. A. et al., for the Gene Ontology Consortium. (2004). The Gene Ontology (GO) database and informatics resource. Nucleic Acids Research, 32 (Database issue) D258-6.
National Council for Prescription Drug Programs. (1994). Data dictionary.
Rose, M. T. (1989). The open book: A practical perspective on OSI. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
New York Academy of Medicine (1961). Standard nomenclature of diseases and operations. (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: The American Psychiatric Association.
Thompson, E.T. and Hayden, A.C. (1961), Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations, 5th ed. American Medical Association. New York: McGraw-Hill
Plunkett, RJ. (1952). Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations – 4th ed., American Medical Association. New York: McGraw-Hill
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hammond, W.E., Jaffe, C., Cimino, J.J., Huff, S.M. (2014). Standards in Biomedical Informatics. In: Shortliffe, E., Cimino, J. (eds) Biomedical Informatics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4474-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4474-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4473-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4474-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)