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Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Northern India

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Urolithiasis

Abstract

Urinary stone disease is highly prevalent in North India, a part of the stone belt in Asia. Two distinct “stone belts” have been identified in the northwestern region (NW); stone disease is less common in the southern and eastern regions. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) comprises a greater proportion of stones than seen in Western studies. While struvite stones were common in older series from NW, CaOx remains the predominant stone now, even in staghorns. First-degree relatives of stone formers are at higher risk of developing urolithiasis and have significantly higher urinary calcium excretion as compared to the spouses of the stone formers. Urinary tract infection was found to be one of the principal risk factors of urinary stones in North India. Metabolic acidosis is present in up to 45.2 % of stone formers as compared with 10.8 % in non-stone formers. Only dietary calcium correlated significantly with serum and urine calcium in stone formers. Stone patients from North India were shown to have a significantly higher intake of dairy products such as curd and cheese as compared to non-stone cases. Lower concentrations of urinary magnesium, copper, and manganese were noted in stone formers. Zinc excretion was significantly higher in stone formers. A significantly higher urinary urate excretion has been shown among stone formers from Delhi and Rajasthan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Raguram Ganesamoni MS, MRCS, MCh (Urology) & Shrawan K. Singh MS, MCh (Urology)

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  1. Raguram Ganesamoni MS, MRCS, MCh (Urology)
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  2. Shrawan K. Singh MS, MCh (Urology)
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shrawan K. Singh MS, MCh (Urology) .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery Section of Urology, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan

    Jamsheer J. Talati

  2. Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, Solna, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden

    Hans-Goran Tiselius

  3. , Syracuse University, Crouse Hospital, 1226 East Water Street, New York, 13210, New York, USA

    David M. Albala

  4. , Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China, People's Republic

    ZHANGQUN YE

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Ganesamoni, R., Singh, S.K. (2012). Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Northern India. In: Talati, J., Tiselius, HG., Albala, D., YE, Z. (eds) Urolithiasis. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_4

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4383-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4387-1

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