Abstract
Some particular aspects of performing CMR in children with CHD are discussed in the chapter. Paediatric setting for CMR include availability of anaesthesia, with an experienced team taking care of the high risk patients, as well as CMR compatible ventilatory and monitoring equipment. Changes in the acquisition parameters are required for adapting spatial resolution to the small patient’s size and temporal resolution to the fast heart rate. Indication for CMR in newborn and infants consists mainly in completing anatomical assessment after echocardiography in complex CHD, such as complex conotruncal malformations and heterotaxy syndrome. By combining 2D or 3D SSFP sequences and CEMRA for anatomical evaluation and cine SSFP and PC sequences for functional quantification, all the required information except pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance can be achieved non-invasively and safely. Invasive examinations, such as cardiac catheterisation are restricted to few selected indications and to interventions for treatment.
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17.1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Movie 17.1
SSFP sequence shows axial images in a patient with a large fibroma located in the left ventricle, and demonstrate neither that the LV inflow, nor the LV outflow are obstructed by the large tumour (AVI 27821 kb)
Movie 17.2
Patient with heterotaxy syndrome and unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect. SSFP imaging in a short axis provides exact quantification of the volume of the ventricles, allowing clinical decision for biventricular or univentricular repair, as it was in this case (MPG 120 kb)
Movie 17.3
SSFP images in an axial plane in a patient with a hypoplastic left heart complex. A bright layer around the cardiac apex is visible and represents small amount of pericardial effusion, finding that in newborns can be considered physiologic (AVI 2840 kb)
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Buechel, E.R.V. (2012). Pediatric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. In: Syed, M., Mohiaddin, R. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Congenital Heart Disease. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4267-6_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4267-6_17
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