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Heart Failure pp 711-725 | Cite as

Physiology of Stem Cells

  • Jos DomenEmail author
  • Kimberly Gandy
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Stem cells are rare cells that have the ability to choose between self-renewal and differentiation. They can be found in an organism during development, starting with the pluripotent zygote, and continue to be present in organisms throughout their lifespans. In tissues with high turnover like blood, stem cells are continuously needed to produce new cells. In view of their proliferative potential stem cell regulation has to be extensive and complex. Much of it occurs in specialized sites known as stem cell niches. In addition to the stem cells that are present in the body, it is now possible to transform cells without stem cell potential into pluripotent stem cells using gene transfer. Stem cells have enormous clinical potential due to their diverse functional capabilities. Currently, the field of hematopoiesis has been the most successful in harnessing stem cell potential, and hematopoietic stem cells have become part of routine clinical care. Applications to other organ systems, including heart, are under active investigation and are the subjects of ongoing clinical trials.

Keywords

Stem Cell Progenitor Cell Niche Homeostasis Embryonic Stem Cell Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Adult Stem Cell 
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© Springer-Verlag London 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Section of Cardiac SurgeryChildren’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics and University of MissouriKansas CityUSA
  2. 2.Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsUniversity of MissouriKansas CityUSA

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