Skip to main content

Bone Marrow Involvement in Primary Mature B and T Cell Leukemias

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Bone Marrow Lymphoid Infiltrates

Abstract

Mature B and T cell neoplasms evolving with a leukaemic picture often, if not always, involve the bone marrow (BM). In routine practice, BM assessment in these conditions is, as a rule, indicated. Unlike in B and T cell lymphomas (nodal or tissue based), the BM in mature lymphoid leukaemias does not provide relevant information on staging. However, its evaluation is helpful to: (i) establish and/or confirm a suspected diagnosis, (ii) estimate the haemopoietic reserve, (iii) document relapse and, (iv) assess the response and quality of response following treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yullie MR, Matutes E, Marossy A, Hilditch B, Catovsky D, Houlston RS. Familial chronic lymphocytic leukeamia: a survey and review of published studies. Br J Haematol. 2000;109:794–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Shanafelt TD, Ghia P, Lanasa MC, Landgren O, Rawstron AC. Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): biology, natural history and clinical management. Leukemia. 2010;24:512–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rossi D, Sozzi E, Puma A, De Paoli L, Rasi S, Spina V, et al. The prognosis of clinical monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis differs from prognosis of Rai 0 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is recapituled by biological risk factors. Br J Haematol. 2009;146:64–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shanafelt TD, Ghia MC, Landgren O, Rawstron AC. Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): biology, natural history and clinical manegement. Leukemia. 2010;24:512–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Halleck M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, Caligaris-Cappio F, Dighiero G, Dohner H, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the international workshop on chronic lymphocytic leukemia updatig the national cancer Institute working group 1996 guidelines. Blood. 2008;111:5446–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Matutes E, Polliack A. Morphological and immunophenotypic features of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Rev Clin Exp Hematol. 2000;4:22–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Matutes E, Owusu-Ankomah K, Morilla R, Garcia Marco J, Houlihan A, Que TH, et al. The immunological profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL. Leukemia. 1994;8:1640–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Benner A, Leupolt E, Krober A, Bullinger L, et al. Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1910–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Oscier D, Wade R, Davies Z, Morilla A, Best G, Ricahrds S, et al. Prognostic factors identify 3 risk groups in the LRF CLL 4 trial independent of treatment allocation. Haematologica. 2010;95:1705–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bertlaccio MT, Scielzo C, Muzio M, Caligaris-Cappio F. An overview of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia biology. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2010;23:21–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Allen SL, et al. Immunoglobulin V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1999;94:1840–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Oscier DG, Stevenson FK. Unmutated IgV(H) genes are associated with a more agressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood. 1999;94:1848–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Klein U. Cellular origin of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematol Educ. 2009;3:55–60.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Klein U, Tu Y, Stolovitzky GA, Mattioli M, Catoretti G, Husson H, et al. Gene expression profiling of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia reveals a homogeneous phenotype related to memory B cells. J Exp Med. 2001;194:1639–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Stamatopoulos K. CLL: promiscuity leads to risks. Blood. 2009;114:3508–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Stamatopoulos K, Belessi C, Moreno C, Boudjograh M, Guida G, Smilevska T, et al. Over 20 % of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia carry stereotyped receptors: pathogenic implications and clinical correlations. Blood. 2007;109:259–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Matutes E, Attygalle A, Wotherspoon A, Catovsky D. Diagnostic issues in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2010;23:1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mao Z, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Raffeld M, Richter M, Krugmann J, Burek C, et al. IgVH mutational status and clonality analysis of Richter’s transformation: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma in association with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) represent 2 different pathways of disease evolution. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(10):1605–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rossi D, Gaidano G. Richter syndrome: molecular insights and clinical perspectives. Hematol Oncol. 2009;27(1):1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Martin P, Attygalle A, Swansbury J, Min T, Morilla A, Hockley SL, et al. p53 protein overexpression in bone marrow biopsies from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with TP53 deletion and resistance to fludarabine. J Hematopathol. 2010;3:61–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Foucar K, Falini B, Catovsky D, Stein H. Hairy cell leukaemia. Chap. 10: In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, editors. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 2008. p. 188–90.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Golomb HM. Hairy cell leukaemia. Treatment successes in the past 25 years. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2607–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Grever MR, Lozanski G. Modern strategies for hairy cell leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:583–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Matutes E. Immunophenotyping and differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2006;20:1051–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tiacci E, Trifonov V, Schiavoni G, Holmes A, Kern W, Martelli MP, et al. BRAF mutations in hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2305–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hockley SL, Giannouli S, Morilla A, Wotherspoon A, Morgan GJ, Matutes E, et al. Insight into the molecular pathogenesis of hairy cell leukaemia, hairy cell leukaemia variant and splenic marginal zone lymphoma provided by the analysis of their IGH rearrangements and somatic hypermutation patterns. Br J Haematol. 2010;148:666–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Burke JS. The value of the bone-marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1978;70:876–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sharpe RW, Bethel KJ. Hairy cell leukemia: diagnostic pathology. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2006;20:1023–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Falini B, Tiacci E, Liso A, Basso K, Sabattini E, Pacini R, et al. Simple diagnostic assay for hairy cell leukaemia by immunocytochemical detection of annexin A1 (ANXA1). Lancet. 2004;363:1869–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Piris M, Foucar K, Mollejo M, Campo E, Falini B. Splenic lymphoma/leukaemia, unclassifiable. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, editors. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 2008. p. 191–3.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Matutes E, Wotherspoon A, Catovsky D. The variant form of hairy cell leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2003;16:41–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Matutes E, Wotherspoon A, Brito-Babapulle V, Catovsky D. The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia. Leukemia. 2001;15:184–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Robak T. Hairy cell leukemia variant: recent view on diagnosis, biology and treatment. Cancer Treat Rev. 2011;37:3–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hockley S, Morgan GJ, Leone PE, Walker BA, Morilla A, Else M, et al. High-resolution genomic profiling in hairy cell leukemia-variant compared with typical hairy cell leukemia. Leukemia. 2011;25:1189–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cessna MH, Hartung L, Tripp S, Perkins SL, Bahler DW. Hairy cell leukemia variant: fact or fiction. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;123:132–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ya-In C, Brandwein J, Pantalony D, Chang H. Hairy cell leukemia variant with features of intrasinusoidal bone marrow involvement. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129(3):395–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Matutes E, Brito-Babapulle V, Swansbury J, Ellis J, Morilla R, Dearden C, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1991;78:3269–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Dearden CED, Matutes E, Cazin B, Tjonnfjord GE, Parreira A, Nomdedeu B, et al. High remission rate in T-cell prolyphocytic leukemia with Campath-1H. Blood. 2001;98:1721–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Herling M, Teitell MA, Konopleva M, Ravandi F, Kobayashi R, Jones D. High TCL1 expression and intact T-cell receptor signaling define a hyperproliferative subset of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2008;111:328–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Catovsky D, Müller-Hemerlink HK, Ralfkiaer E. T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, editors. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4th ed. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Lyon; 2008. p. 270–1.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Bradshaw PS, Condie A, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Yuille MR. Breakpoints in the ataxia telangiectasia gene arise at the RGYW somatic hypermutation motif. Oncogene. 2002;21:483–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Durig J, Bug S, Klein-Hitpass L, Boes T, Jons T, Martin-Subero JI, et al. Combined single nucleotide polymorphism-based genomic mapping and global gene expression profiling identifies novel chromosome imbalances, mechanisms and candidate genes important in the pathogenesis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with inv(14)(q11; q32). Leukemia. 2007;21:2153–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Nieto LH, Lampert IA, Catovsky D. Bone marrow histological patterns in B-cell and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Pathol. 1989;3:79–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Dogan A, Morice WG. Bone marrow histopathology in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol. 2004;127:140–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sokol L, Loughran Jr TP. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Oncologist. 2006;11:263–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Alekshum TJ, Sokol L. Diseases of large granular lymphocytes. Cancer Control. 2007;14:141–50.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Matutes E. Immunological and clinical features of T-cell LGL disorders. In: Hematology education: the education programme for the annual congress of the European hematology association. Berlin; 2009, vol. 3, p. 302–307.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Lima M, Almeida J, Dos Anjos Teixeira M, Alguero MC, Santos AH, Balanzategui A, et al. TCRalphabeta+/CD4+ large granular lymphocytosis: a new clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Am J Pathol. 2003;163:763–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Garrido P, Ruiz-Cabello F, Barcena P, Sandberg Y, Canton J, Lima M, et al. Monoclonal TCR-Vbeta 13.1+/CD4+/NKa+/CD8−/dim T-LGL lymphocytosis: evidence for an antigen-driven chronic T-cell stimulation origin. Blood. 2007;109:4890–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Morice WG, Kurtin PJ, Tefferi A, Hanson CA. Distinct bone marrow findings in T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia revealed by paraffin section immunoperoxidase stains for CD8, TIA-1, and granzyme B. Blood. 2002;99:268–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Yang J, Epling-Burnette PK, Painter JS, Zou J, Bai F, Wei S, et al. Antigen activation and impaired Fas-induced death-inducing signalling complex formation in T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood. 2008;111:1610–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Shah MV, Zhang R, Irby R, Kothapalli R, Liu X, Arrington T, et al. Molecular profiling of LGL leukemia reveals role of sphingolipid signalling in survival of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Blood. 2008;112:770–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Osuji N, Beiske K, Randen U, Matutes E, Tjonnfjord G, Catovsky D, et al. Characteristic appearances of the bone marrow in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. Histopathology. 2007;50(5):547–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Semenzato G, Zambello R, Starkebaum G, Oshimi K, Loughran Jr TP. The lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes: updated criteria for diagnosis. Blood. 1997;89:256–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Morice WG, Kurtin PJ, Leibson PJ, Tefferi A, Hanson CA. Demonstration of aberrant T-cell and natural killer-cell antigen expression in all cases of granular lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(6):1026–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Morice WG, Jevremovic D, Hanson CA. The expression of the novel cytotoxic protein granzyme M by large granular lymphocytic leukaemias of both T-cell and NK-cell lineage: an unexpected finding with implications regarding the pathobiology of these disorders. Br J Haematol. 2007;137:237–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ayoma D. Attygalle MBBS, Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Attygalle, A.D., Matutes, E. (2012). Bone Marrow Involvement in Primary Mature B and T Cell Leukemias. In: Anagnostou, D., Matutes, E. (eds) Bone Marrow Lymphoid Infiltrates. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4174-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4174-7_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4173-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4174-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics