Skip to main content

The Conjunctival Biopsy

  • Chapter
  • 98 Accesses

Abstract

Conjunctival tissue is not excised from the eye during the procedure of routine surgical enucleation, so that the tissue is available for study only in autopsy specimens, exenteration specimens or in elective surgical excision of diseased tissue. Biopsy for investigation of systemic disease is a valuable source of material for scientific investigation, but it is underutilised.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aaberg TM (1989) The expanding ophthalmic spectrum of Lyme disease. Am J Ophthalmol 107: 77–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams GGW, Dilly PN (1989) Differential staining of ocular goblet cells. Eye 3: 840–841

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allaire GS, Hidayat AA, Zimmerman LE, Minardi L (1990) Reticulohistiocytoma of the limbus and cornea. Ophthalmology 97: 1018–1022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allansmith MR, Korb DR, Greiner JV et al. (1977) Giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers. Am J Ophthalmol 83: 697–708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashton N, Cook C (1979) Allergic granulomatous nodules of the eyelid and conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol 87: 1–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borodic GE, Beyer Machule CK, Millin J et al. (1984) Immunoglobulin deposition in localised conjunctival amyloidosis. Am J Ophthalmol 98: 617–622

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casey RJ, Garner A (1981) Epibulbar choristoma and microphthalmia: a report of two cases. Br J Ophthalmol 75: 247–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugel PU, Gill PS, Frangieh GT, Rao NA (1990) Ocular adnexal Kaposí s sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 110: 500–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferry AP, Kaltreider SA, Wyatt DB (1984) Actinic granuloma of the conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol 102: 1200–1202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flach AJ, Lavoie PE (1990) Episcleritis, conjunctivitis and keratitis as ocular manifestations of Lyme disease. Ophthalmology 97: 973–975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folberg R, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE (1985a) Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva. Hum Pathol 16: 129–135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folberg R, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE (1985b) Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Hum Pathol 16: 136–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folberg R, Jakobiec FA, Bernardino VB, Iwamoto T (1989) Benign melanocytic conjunctival lesions. Clinicopathologic features. Ophthalmology 96: 436–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster CS (1990) Ocular Rosacea: a histologic and immunopathologic study. Ophthalmology 97: 1468–1475

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster CS, Fong LP, Azar D, Kenyon KR (1988) Episodic conjunctival inflammation after Stevens—Johnson syndrome. Ophthalmology 95: 453–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedlander MH, Okumoto M, Kelley J (1984) Diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis. Arch Ophthalmol 102: 1198–1199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frith PA, Yenning VA, Wojnarowska F (1989) Conjunctival involvement in cicatricial and bullous pemphigoid: a clinical and immunopathological study. Br J Ophthalmol 73: 52–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hered RW, Spaulding AG, Sanitato JJ, Wander AH (1988) Ophthalmia nodosa caused by tarantula hairs. Ophthalmology 95: 166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hidayat AA, Riddle PJ (1987) Ligneous conjunctivitis: a clinico-pathologic study of 17 cases. Ophthalmology 94: 949–959

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoang-Xuan T, Rodriguez A, Zaltas MM, Rice BA, Foster CS (1990) Ocular Rosacea. A histologic and immunopathologic study. Ophthalmology 97: 1468–1475

    Google Scholar 

  • Holds JB, Mamalis N, Anderson RL (1990) Nodular fasciitis presenting as a rapidly enlarging episcleral mass in a 3-year-old. J Paediatr Ophthalmol Strab 27: 157–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland EJ, Chan C-C, Kuwabara T, Palestine AG, Rowsey JJ, Nussenblatt EB (1989) Immunohistologic findings and ‘results of treatment with cyclosporine in ligneous conjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 107: 160–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huntingdon AC, Langloss JM, Hidayat AA (1990) Spindle cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva: an immunohisto-chemical and ultrastructural study of six cases. Ophthalmology 97: 711–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobiec FA, Brownstein S, Wilkinson RD et al. (1980) Combined surgery and cryotherapy for diffuse malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol 98: 1390–1396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobiec FA, Sacks E, Lisman RL, Krebs W (1988a) Epibulbar fibroma of the conjunctival substantia propria. Arch Ophthalmol 106: 661–664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobiec FA, Rini FJ, Fraunfelder FT, Brownstein S (1988b) Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma. Experience with 62 cases. Ophthalmology 95: 1058–1070

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobiec FA, Folberg R, Iwamoto T (1989) Clinico-pathologic characteristics of premalignant and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 96: 147–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaros PA, de Luise VP (1988) Pingueculae and pterygia. Sury Ophthalmol 33: 41–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey IM, Lucas DR, MacEwan C, Lee WR (1986) Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Histopathology 10: 363–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karcioglu ZA, Allam B, Insler MS (1988) Ocular involvement in sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 72: 793–795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kriegbaum NJ, von Listow M, Oxholm P, Prause JU (1988) Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with primary Sjögrens syndrome. A longitudinal study of ocular parameters. Acta Ophthalmologica 66: 481–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahoud S, Brownstein S, Laflamme MY (1988) Fibrous histiocytoma of the corneoscleral limbus and conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol 106: 579–583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lass JH, Jenson AB, Papale JJ, Albert DM (1983) Papilloma virus in human conjunctival papillomas. Am J Ophthalmol 95: 364–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WR (1981) The conjunctival biopsy. In: Anthony PP, MacSween RNM (eds) Recent Advances in Histopathology 11. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 213–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard JN, Hobday CM, Hafenden GP et al. (1988) Immunofluorescent studies in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 118: 209–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libert J, Tondeur M, van Hoof F (1976) The use of conjunctival biopsy and enzyme analysis in tears for the diagnosis of homozygotes and heterozygotes with Fabry disease. Birth Defects Series 12: 221–239

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindenmuth KA, Sugar A, Kincaid MC, Nelson CC, Comstock CP (1988) Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva presenting as necrotising scleritis with scleral perforation and uveal prolapse. Sury Ophthalmol 33: 50–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas DR, Dunham AC, Lee WR et al. (1976) Ocular injuries from liquid golf ball centres. Br J Ophthalmol 60: 740–747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas DR, Knox F, Davies S (1982) Apparent monoclonal origin of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrating ocular adenexal amyloid deposits. Br J Ophthalmol 66: 600–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour AM, Barber JC, Reinecke RD, Wang FM (1989) Ocular choristomas. Sury Ophthalmol 33: 339–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCartney ACE (1989) Limbal allergic granulomatosis. Eye 3: 172–179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell JM, Mayr AJ, Martin WJ (1989) DNA of human papillomavirus type 16 in dysplastic and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea. N Engl J Med 320: 1442–1446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell JM, Sun Y, Wagner D (1991) HMB-45 immunohistochemical staining of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Ophthalmology 98: 453–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondino BJ (1990) Cicatricial pemphigoid and erythema multiforme. Ophthalmology 97: 939–952

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odrich MG, Jakobiec FA, Lancaster WD, Kenyon KR et al. (1991) A spectrum of bilateral squamous conjunctival tumours associated with human papilloma virus type 16. Ophthalmology 98: 628–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pokorny KS, Hyman BM, Jakobiec FA (1987) Epibulbar choristomas containing lacrimal tissue. Clinical distinction from dermoids and histologic evidence of an origin from the palpebral lobe. Ophthalmology 94: 1249–1257

    Google Scholar 

  • Reacher MH, Pé er J, Rapoza PA, Whittum-Hudson JA, Taylor HR (1991) T cells and trachoma: their role in cicatricial disease. Ophthalmology 98: 334–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick SC, Schainker BA, Ortiz JM (1991) Conjunctival synthetic and non-synthetic fiber granulomas. Cornea 10: 59–62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice BA, Foster S (1990) Immunopathology of cicatricial pemphigoid affecting the conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 97: 1476–1483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodger FC (1981) Eye disease in the tropics. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacks EH, Jakobiec FA, Wieczorek R et al. (1989) Immunophenotypic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Further evidence for a T cell-mediated disease. Ophthalmology 96: 236–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott KR, Tse DT, Kronish JW (1991) Hemorrhagic lymphangiectasis of the conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol 109: 286–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard JD, Kowalski RP, Meyer MP et al. (1988) Immunodiagnosis of adult chlamydial conjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 95: 434–443

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Shields JA, Arbizo V, Augsburger JJ (1986a) Oncocytoma of the caruncle. Am J Ophthalmol 102: 315–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields CL, Shields JA, White D, Augsburger JJ (1986b) Types and frequency of lesions of the caruncle. Am J Ophthalmol 102: 771–778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spaide RF, Ward DL (1990) Conjunctival biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Br J Ophthalmol 74: 469–471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stopak SS, Dreizen NG, Zimmerman LE, O’Neill JF (1988) Sinus histiocytosis presenting as an epibulbar mass. A clinicopathologic case report. Arch Ophthalmol 106: 1426–1428

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuft SJ, Kemeny DM, Dart JK, Buckley RJ (1991) Clinical features of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 98: 150–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiley L, Springer D, Kowalski RP et al. (1988) Rapid diagnostic test for ocular adenovirus. Ophthalmology 95: 431–433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winterkorn JMS (1990) Lyme disease: neurologic and ophthalmic manifestations. Sury Ophthalmol 35: 191–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittpenn JR, Tseng CGS, Sommer A (1986) Detection of early xerophthalmia by impression cytology. Arch Ophthalmol 104: 237–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lee, W.R. (1993). The Conjunctival Biopsy. In: Ophthalmic Histopathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3843-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3843-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3845-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3843-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics