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The Gastrointestinal Tract and Exocrine Pancreas

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Fetal and Neonatal Pathology

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Abstract

The gut derives from that part of the secondary yolk sac which becomes enclosed by the head, tail and lateral folds of the embryonic plate at around the 20th day of development. The head and tail folds enclose the fore- and hindgut respectively. The intermediate portion of the intraembryonic yolk sac forms the midgut which connects through a wide communication with the extraembryonic part of the secondary yolk sac (the definitive yolk sac). This communication becomes progressively reduced by better definition of the head, tail and lateral folds of the embryo (Fig. 15.1); by 28 days the communication is via a narrow vitelline duct and the umbilical cord is clearly visible. At about this time the primitive foregut and hindgut come into contact with rostral and caudal invaginations, the stomodeum and proctodeum. Most of the epithelium and glands of the digestive tract originate from embryonic endoderm, while the epithelium of the cranial and caudal ends is derived from the stomodeum and proctodeum respectively. In the foregut, two lateral ridges appear and grow towards each other in the midline, separating an anterior diverticulum which becomes the larynx and trachea, from the oesophagus. The stomach appears as a fusiform expansion towards the caudal end of the foregut in the cervical region of the embryo. The oesophagus elongates rapidly during the 6th to 7th weeks, reaching its final relative length by the end of this time. The original lining of the oesophagus is simple ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which is replaced progressively by squamous epithelium from the 5th intrauterine month.

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Authors
  1. Dick Variend
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Pathology and Cytogenetics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, UK

    Jean W. Keeling MBBS, FRCPath, FRCP (Edin) (Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Pathology) (Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Pathology)

  2. University of Edinburgh, UK

    Jean W. Keeling MBBS, FRCPath, FRCP (Edin) (Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Pathology) (Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Pathology)

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© 1993 Springer-Verlag London

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Variend, D. (1993). The Gastrointestinal Tract and Exocrine Pancreas. In: Keeling, J.W. (eds) Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3802-0_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3802-0_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3804-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3802-0

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