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Reduced Bone Formation in the Pathogenesis of Bone Fragility

  • Chapter
Bone Formation

Part of the book series: Topics in Bone Biology ((TBB,volume 1))

  • 264 Accesses

Abstract

The mineralized skeleton is defined externally by its periosteal surface and internally by the endocortical, trabecular and intracortical components of its endosteal surface [66, 68]. Cellular activity on these surfaces modifies the external size and shape, internal architecture, total mass, and so the material and structural strength of the skeleton. Bone modeling, the change in size and shape of the skeleton, is achieved by subperiosteal bone formation during growth and aging and defines the whole bone’s cross-sectional area in old age. Bone remodeling (reconstruction) on each of the three components of the endosteal (inner) envelope is achieved by teams of osteoclasts that resorb a volume of bone at temporally and spatially discrete sites and by teams of osteoblasts that deposit bone in the same sites. The surface extent of remodeling and the balance between the volumes of bone resorbed and formed in each basic multicellular unit (BMU) on the endocortical surface determine the proximity of the endocortical and periosteal surfaces. This in turn determines the cortical thickness and the distance the cortical shell is placed from the neutral or long axis of the bone. This geometric feature determines the bending strength of the whole bone [77]. Bone remodeling within the cortical shell determines the number of secondary osteons and the porosity of the cortex, while bone remodeling on the trabecular surfaces determines the thickness and connectivity of the trabecular network of plates and sheets.

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  1. T. John Martin
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Martin, T.J., Seeman, E. (2004). Reduced Bone Formation in the Pathogenesis of Bone Fragility. In: Bone Formation. Topics in Bone Biology, vol 1. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3777-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3777-1_6

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