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Bone Formation pp 18–43Cite as

In Vitro Regulation of Osteoblast Activity

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Part of the book series: Topics in Bone Biology ((TBB,volume 1))

Abstract

As every cell biologist should know, the validity of experimentally derived conclusions may not go beyond the test system. Often the experimental model proposed for testing is either fundamentally flawed or unproven. This issue is particularly critical for the bone biologist, where the differences between the in vivo and in vitro environment of the bone cell are often profound. The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the bone cell is highly specialized, be it a stromal cell in the marrow cavity, an osteoblast involved in bone formation, or an osteoclast engaged in bone resorption. An impressive body of literature has accumulated in the past two decades clearly establishing the role of the ECM in guiding cell phenotype and activity [10, 247]. For the bone cell, the ECM is one of the most highly specialized milieus in existence [69, 76]. In addition to being made up of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins, the bone ECM is one of the few milieus that normally is mineralized in a precisely regulated manner. Efforts to recreate this cellular microenvironment in vitro have been many, but success remains limited. Most of what we have learned about bone cell function in vitro has come from models that are acknowledged to be less than ideal. In this review, we will describe the conventional models used for the study of bone cell activity in vitro, discuss the strengths and limitations of each, and then review the progress that has been made in understanding bone cell function based on these model systems. We will focus upon the osteoblast, but many issues apply equally to the study of other cell types found in native bone.

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Karin, N.J., Farach-Carson, M.C. (2004). In Vitro Regulation of Osteoblast Activity. In: Bone Formation. Topics in Bone Biology, vol 1. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3777-1_2

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