Abstract
In the perinatal period congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract are of major importance, while specific acquired lesions and tumours are comparatively rare.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrahamson J (1961) Double bladder and related anomalies, clinical and embryological aspects and a case report. Br J Urol 33:195–214
Alpers CE, Hudkins KL, Ferguson M, Johnson RT, Rutledge JC (1995) Platelet-derived growth factor A-chain expression in developing and mature human kidneys and in Wilms’ tumor. Kidney Int 48:146–154
Aufderheide E, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Ekblom P (1987) Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in the developing kidney lead to expression of tenascin in the mesenchyme. J Cell Biol 105:599–608
Avini EF, Thoua Y, Lalmand B, Didier F, Droulle P, Schulman CC (1987) Multicystic dysplastic kidney: natural history from in utero diagnosis and postnatal follow-up. J Urol 138:1420–1424
Barr MJr, Cohen MMJr (1991) ACE inhibitor fetopathy and hypocalvaria. The kidney-skull connection. Teratology 44:485–495
Beckwith JB (1969) Macroglossia, omphalocele, adrenal cytomegaly, giantism, and hyperplastic visceromegaly. Birth Defects 5:188–196
Beckwith JB, Kiviat NB, Bonadio JF (1990) Nephrogenic rests, nephroblastomatosis, and the pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor. Pediatr Pathol 10:1–36
Beckwith JB, Weeks DA (1986) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: when should we worry? Arch Pathol Lab Med 110:98–99
Bellairs R, Lear P, Yamada KM, Rutushauser U, Lash JW (1995) Posterior extension of the chick nephric (Wolffian) duct: the role of fibronectin and NCAM polysialic acid. Dev Dyn 202:333–342
Bernstein J (1976) A classification of renal cysts. In: Gardner KD Jr (ed.) Cystic diseases of the kidney. Wiley, New York, p 7
Bernstein J, Barajas L (1994) Renal tubular dysgenesis: evidence of abnormality in renin-angiotensin system. JAm Soc Nephrol 5:224–227
Bernstein J, Landing BH (1989) Glomerulocystic kidney diseases. Prog Clin Biol Res 305:27–43
Bernstein J, Meyer R (1964) some speculations on the nature and significance of developmentally small kidneys (renal hypoplasia). Nephron 1:137–143
Bernstein J, Robbins TO, Kissane JM (1986) The renal lesions of tuberous sclerosis. Semin Diagn Pathol 3:97–105
Blyth H, Ockendon BG (1971) Polycystic disease of the kidneys and liver presenting in childhood. J Med Genet 8:257–284
Bolande RP, Brough AJ, Izant RJ (1967) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy. A report of eight cases and the relationship to Wilms’ tumor. Pediatrics 40:272–278
Breuning MH, Reeders ST, Brunner H et al. (1987) Improved early diagnosis of adult polycystic disease with flanking DNA markers. Lancet 2:1359–1361
Buchta RM, Viseskul C, Gilbert EF, Sarto GE, Opitz JM (1973) Familial bilateral renal agenesis and hereditary renal adysplasia. Z Kinderheilk 115:111–129
Buckler AJ, Pelletier J, Haber DA, Glaser T, Housman DE (1991) Isolation, characterization and expression of murine Wilms’ tumor gene (WT1) during kidney development. Mol Cell Biol 11:1707–1712
Burk D, Beudoin AR (1977) Arsenate induced renal agenesis in rats. Teratology 16:247–259
Carpenter PM, Mascarello JT, Krous HF, Kaplan GW (1993) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Cytogenetic comparison to leiomyoma. Pediatr Pathol 13:435–441
Cook HT, Taylor GM, Malone R, Risdon RA (1988) Renin in mesoblastic nephroma: an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 19:1347–1351
Coppoletta JM, Wolbach SB (1933) Body length and organ weights of infants and children: study of body length and normal weights of more important organs of the body between birth and 12 years of age. Am J Pathol 9:55–70
Cremin B J (1970) Infantile thoracic dystrophy. Br J Radiol 43:199–204
Cunniff C, Jones KL, Phillipson J, Benirschke K, Short S, Wujuk J (1990) Oligohydramnios sequence and renal tubular malformation associated with maternal enalapril use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161:187–189
Delaney V, Mullaney J, Bourke E (1978) Juvenile nephronoph-thisis, congenital hepatic fibrosis and retinal hypoplasia in twins. Q J Med 186:281–290
Dieker H, Edwards RH, ZuRhein G et al. (1969) The lissencephaly syndromes. In: Bergsma D (ed.) Part II Malformation syndromes. Birth Defects 5(2):93–101
Doege TC, Thuline HC, Priest JH, Norby DE, Bryant JS (1964) Studies of a family with the oro-facial-digital syndrome. N Engl J Med 271:1073–1080
Dono R, Zeller R (1994) Cell-type specific nuclear translocation of fibroblast growth factor-2 isoforms during chicken kidney and limb morphogenesis. Dev Biol 163:316–330
Doroshow LW, Abeshouse BS (1961) Congenital unilateral solitary kidney: report of 37 cases and a review of the literature. Urol Surv 11:219–221
Dressier GR, Deutsch U, Chowdhury K, Nornes HO, Gruss P (1990) Pax 2, a new murine paired-box-containing gene and its expression in the developing excretory system. Development 110:787–795
Drummond IA, Madden SL, Rohwer-Nutter P, Bell GI, Sukhatme VP, Rauscher FJ 3rd (1992) Repression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene by the Wilms’ tumor suppressor WT1. Science 257:674–678
Drummond IA, Sukhatme VP (1995) FGF2 expression in kidney development: a ureteric bud derived mesenchymal mitogen [Abstract]. JAm Soc Nephrol 6:693
Duke VM, Winyard PJD, Thorogood P, Soothill P, Bouloux PMG, Woolf AS (1995) KAL, a gene mutated in Kallmann’s syndrome, is expressed in the first trimester of human development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 110:73–79
Eccles MR, Wallis LT, Fidler AE, Spurr NK, Goodfellow PJ, Reeve AE (1992) Expression of the PAX2 gene in the human fetal kidney and Wilms’ tumor. Cell Growth Differ 3:279–289
Ekblom P, Ekblom M, Fecker L et al. (1994) Role of mesenchymal nidogen for epithelial morphogenesis in vitro. Development 120:2004–2014
Engström W, Lindham S, Schofield P (1968) Wiedemann-Beckwith Syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 147:450–457
Fantel AG, Shepard RH (1976) Potter syndrome: non renal features induced by oligoamnios. Am JDis Child 129:1346–1347
Faraggiana T, Bernstein J, Strauss L, Churg J (1985) Use of lectins in the study of histogenesis of renal cysts. Lab Invest 53:575–579
Fellows RA, Leonida SJL, Beatty EC Jr (1976) Radiological features of “adult type” polycystic kidney disease in the neonate. Pediatr Radiol 4:87–92
Fetterman GH, Habib R (1969) Congenital bilateral oligonephronic renal hypoplasia with hypertrophy of nephrons (oligoméganéphronie): studies by microdisec-tion. Am J Clin Pathol 52:199–207
Fraizer GE, Bowen-Pope DF, Vogel AM (1987) Production of platelet-derived growth factor by cultured Wilms’ tumor cells and fetal kidney cells. J Cell Physiol 133:169–174
Gang DL, Herrin JT (1986) Infantile polycystic disease of the liver and kidneys. Clin Nephrol 25:28–36
Gashler AL, Bonthron DT, Madden SL, Rauscher FJ 3rd, Collins T, Sukhatme VP (1992) Human platelet-derived growth factor. A chain is transcriptionally repressed by the Wilms’ tumor suppressor WT1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10984–10988
Glen JF (1959) Agenesis of the bladder. JAMA 169:2016–2018
Gonzalez-Crussi F, Sorelo-Avila C, Kidd JM (1980) Malignant mesenchymal nephroma of infancy: report of a case with pulmonary metastases. Am J Surg Pathol 4:185–190
Greenfield SP, Hensle TW, Berdon WE, Wigger HJ (1983) Unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and unilateral non-functioning kidney associated with posterior urethral valves: a syndrome? J Urol 130:733–738
Guay-Woodford LM, Muecher G, Hopkins SD et al. (1995) The severe perinatal form of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease maps to chromosome 6p21.-p12: implications for genetic counselling. Am J Hum Genet 56:1101–1107
Habib R, Bois E (1975) Congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome. In: Straus SJ (ed.) Pediatric nephrology, vol 2. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp, New York, p 335
Harris PL, Ward CJ, Peral B, Hughe SJ (1995) Polycystic kidney disease. 1. Identification and analysis of the primary defect. JAm Soc Nephrol 6:1125–1135
Hilton C, Keeling JW (1973) Neonatal renal tumours. Br J Urol 46:157–161
Hoover DL, Duckett JW Jr., (1982) Posterior urethral valves, unilateral reflux and renal dysplasia: a syndrome. J Urol 128:994–997
Imahori S, Bannerman RM, Graf CJ, Brennan JC (1969) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with multiple arterial lesions. Am J Med 47:967–977
International Polycystic Kidney Disease Consortium (1995) Polycystic kidney disease: the complete structure of the PKD1 gene and its protein. Cell 81:289–298
Izquierdo L, Porteus M, Paramo PG, Conner JM (1992) Evidence of genetic heretogeneity in hereditary hydronephrosis caused by pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, with one locus assigned to chromosome 6. Hum Genet 89:557–560
Jan JE, Hardwick DF, Lowry RB, McCormick AQ (1970) Cerebrohepato renal syndrome of Zellweger. Am JDis Child 119:274–277
Jørgensen M (1972) Three dimensional reconstruction of intrahepatic bile ducts in case of polycystic disease of the liver in an infant. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 80:201–206
Joshi VV, Kasznica J (1984) Clinicopathologic spectrum of glomerulocystic kidneys: report of two cases and a brief review of literature. Pediatr Pathol 2:176–186
Joshi VV, Kasznica J, Walkers TR (1986) Atypical mesoblastic nephroma. Pathologic characterization of a potentially aggressive variant of conventional mesoblastic nephroma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110:100–106
Kaplan BS, Kaplan P, de Chadarevian J-P, Jequier S, O’Regan S, Russo P (1988) Variable expression of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis within a family. Am J Med Genet 29:639–647
Karavanov A, Sainio K, Palgi J, Saarma M, Saxen L, Sariola H (1995) Neurotrophin-3 rescues neuronal precursors from apoptosis and promotes neuronal differentiation in the embryonic metanephric kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:11279–11283
Kimberling WJ, Kumar S, Gabow PA, Kenyon JB, Connolly CJ, Somlo S (1993) Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: localisation of the second gene to chromosome 4q13–q23. Genomics 18:467–472
Kirk JMW, Grant DB, Besser GM et al. (1994) Unilateral renal aplasia in V-linked Kallmann’s syndrome. Clin Genet 46:260–262
Kissane JM (1973) Hereditary disorders of the kidney. II. In: Rosenberg HS, Bolande RP (eds) Perspectives in pediatric pathology, vol. 1. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp 147–187
Klein G, Langegger M, Gardis C, Ekblom P (1988) Neural cell adhesion molecules during embryonic induction and development of the kidney. Development 102:749–761
Kreidberg JA, Sariola H, Loring JM et al. (1991) WT1 is required for early kidney development. Cell 74:679–691
Kouvalainen K, Hjelt L, Hallman N (1962) Placenta in congenital nephrotic syndrome. Ann Paediatr Fenn 8:181–188
Landing BH, Hughes ML (1962) Analysis of weights of kidneys in children. Lab Invest 11:452–454
Langer LO Jr, Nishino R, Yamaguchi A et al. (1983) Brachymesomelia-renal syndrome. Am J Med Genet 15:57–65
Larsson SH, Charlieu J-P, Miyagawa K et al. (1995) Subnuclear localisation of WT1 in splicing of transcription factor domains is regulated by alternative splicing. Cell 81:391–401
Lepoutre G (1939/40) Sur un cas d’absence congénital de la vessie (persistance du cloaque). Bull Soc Fr Urol 254–256
Loughna S, Hardman P, Landels E, Jussila L, Alikalo K, Woolf AS (1997) A molecular and genetic analysis of renal glomerular capillary development. Angiogenesis 1:84–101
Loughna S, Landell EC, Woolf AS (1996) Growth factor control of developing kidney endothelial cells. Exp Nephrol 4:112–118
MacMahon P, Blackie RA, House MJ, Risdon RA, Crawfurd MD (1990) A further family with congenital renal proximal tubular dysgenesis. J Med Genet 27:395–398
Maltsell DG, Delhanty PJD, Stepaniuk O, Goodyer C, Han VKM (1994) Expression of insulin-like growth factor and binding protein genes during nephrogenesis. Kidney Int 46:1031–1042
Mannikko M, Kestila M, Lankkeri U et al. (1997) Improved prenatal diagnosis of congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type based on DNA analysis. Kidney Int 51:868–872
Moermann P, Fryn SJP, Sastrowijoto SH, Vandenberghe K, Lauweryn SJM (1994) Hereditary renal adysplasia: new observations and hypotheses. Pediatr Pathol 14:405–410
Mottet NK, Jensen H (1965) The anomalous embryonic development associated with trisomy 13–15. Am J Clin Pathol 43:334–347
Mugrauer G, Ekblom P (1991) Contrasting expression patterns of three members of the myc family of proto-oncogenes in the developing and adult mouse kidney. J Cell Biol 112:13–25
Nagashima Y, Yoshihara O, Tanaka Y, Misugi K, Horiuchi M (1988) A case of renal angiomyolipomas associated with multiple and various hamartomatous microlesions. Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat) 413:177–182
Nagington J, Wreghitt TG, Gandy G, Robertson NRC, Berry PJ (1978) Fatal echovirus 11 infections in outbreak in special care baby unit. Lancet 11:725–728
Opitz JM, Howe JJ (1969) The Meckel syndrome (dysencephalia splanchnocystica, the Gruber syndrome). In: Proceedings of the first conference on the clinical delineation of birth defects. Birth Defects 5(2):167–179
Osathanondh V, Potter EL (1964) Pathogenesis of polycystic kidneys: historical survey; type 1 due to hyperplasia of interstitial portions of collecting tubules; type 2 due to inhibition of ampullary activity; type 3 due to multiple abnormalities of development; type 4 due to multiple abnormalities of development; type 4 due to urethral obstruction; survey of results of microdissection. Arch Pathol 77:466–512
Pathak IG, Williams DI (1963) Multicystic and cystic dysplastic kidneys. Br J Urol 36:318–331
Pedicelli G, Jequier S, Bowen A, Boisvert J (1986) Multicystic dysplastic kidneys. Spontaneous regression demonstrated with US. Radiology 160:23–26
Pelletier J, Bruening W, Kashtan CE et al. (1991) Germline mutations in the Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene are associated with abnormal urogenital development in Denys-Drash syndrome. Cell 67:437–447
Perlman M, Levin M, Witteis B (1975) Syndrome of fetal giantism, renal hamartomas and nephroblastomatosis with Wilms’ tumor. Cancer 35:1212–1217
Peters DJ, Spruit L, Sari SJJ et al. (1993) Chromosome 4 localisation of a second gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nat Genet 5:359–362
Plachov D, Chowdhury K, Walther C, Simon D, Guenet JL, Gruss P (1990) Pax 8, a murine paired box gene expressed in the developing excretory system and thyroid gland. Development 110:643–651
Potter EL (1946) Facial characteristics of infants with bilateral renal agenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 51:885–888
Potter EL (1972) Normal and abnormal development of the kidneys. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago
Potter EL, Craig JM (1976) Pathology of the fetus and infant. 3rd edn. Year Book Publishers, Chicago, pp 434–475
Pritchard-Jones K, Flemming S, Davidson D et al. (1990) The candidate Wilms’ tumor gene is involved in genitourinary development. Nature 346:194–197
Proesmans W, van Damme B, Caesar P, Marchai G (1982) Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the neonatal period. Association with cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Pediatrics 70:971–975
Rapola J, Kääriäinen H (1988) Polycystic kidney disease. Morphologic diagnosis of recessive and dominant polycystic disease in infancy and childhood. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 96:68–76
Reeders ST, Breuning MH, Davies KE et al. (1985) A highly polymorphic DNA marker linked to adult polycystic kidney disease on chromosome 16. Nature 317:542–544
Reilly B J, Neuhauser EBD (1960) Renal tubular ectasia in cystic disease of the kidney and liver. Am J Roentgenol 84:546–554
Risdon RA (1971a) Renal dysplasia 1. A clinicopathological study of 76 cases. J Clin Pathol 24:57–65
Risdon RA (1971b) Renal dysplasia II. A necropsy study of 41 cases. J Clin Pathol 24:65–71
Risdon (1981a) Diseases of the kidney and lower urinary tract. In: Berry CL (ed) Paediatric pathology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York pp 395–450
Risdon RA (1981b) Cystic diseases of the kidney and reflux nephropathy. In: Anthony PP, MacSween RNM (eds) Recent advances in histopathology (no 11). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 163–184
Risdon RA (1981c) Reflux nephropathy. Diagn Histopathol 1:61–70
Risdon RA (1992) Development, Developmental defects and cystic diseases of the kidney. In: Heptinstall RH (ed.) Pathology of the kidney, 4th edn. Little, Brown & Co, Boston, pp 93–167
Risdon RA, Young LW, Chrispin AR (1975) Renal hypoplasia and dysplasia. A radiological and pathological correlation. Pediatr Radiol 3:213–225
Rizza JM, Dowling SE, (1971) Bilateral renal agenesis in two female siblings. Am JDis Child 121:60–63
Roberts P, Lockwood LR, Lewis IJ, Bailey CL, Batcup G, William SJ (1993) Cytogenetic abnormalities in mesoblastic nephroma: a link to Wilms’ tumour. Med Pediatr Oncol 21:416–420
Rogers SA, Ryan G, Hammerman MR (1991) Insulin-like growth factors I & II are produced in the metanephros and are required for growth and development in vitro. J Cell Biol 113:1447–1453
Rogers SA, Ryan G, Hammerman MR (1992) Metanephri transforming growth factor -α is required for renal organogenesis in vitro. Am J Physiol 262:F533–F539
Rohde RA, Hodgman JE, Cleland RS (1964) Multiple congenital anomalies in the E-trisomy (group 16–18) syndrome. Pediatrics 33:258–270
Rolfes DB, Towbin R, Bove KE (1985) Vascular dysplasia in a child with tuberous sclerosis. Pediatr Pathol 3:359–373
Roodhooft AM, Birnholz JC, Holmes LB (1984) Familial nature of congenital absence and severe dysgenesis of both kidneys. N Engl J Med 310:1341–1345
Roosen-Runge EC (1949) Retardation of post natal development of kidneys in persons with early cerebral lesions. Am JDis Child 77:185–200
Royer P, Habib R, Mathieu H, Cortecuisse V (1962) L’hypoplasie nénale bilatérale congénital avec réduction du nombre, et hypertrophie des néphrons chez l’enchant. Ann Pediatr 9:133–146
Schmidt ECH, Hartley AA, Bower R (1952) Renal aplasia in sisters. Arch Pathol 54:403–406
Schofield DE, Yunis EJ, Fletcher JA (1993) Chromosome abberations in mesoblastic nephroma. Am J Pathol 143:714–724
Schuchardt A, D’Agati V, Larson-Blomberg L, Constantini F, Pachnis V (1994) Defects in the kidney and enteric nervous system of mice lacking the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret. Nature 367:380–383
Scorer CG (1956) Incidence of incomplete descent of the testicle at birth. Arch Dis Child 31:198–202
Scott J, Cowell J, Robertson ME et al. (1985) Insulin-like growth factor -II gene expression in Wilms’ tumour and embryonic tissues. Nature 305:260–262
Sonnenberg E, Weidner KM, Birchmeier C (1992) Expression of the met-receptor and its ligand HGF/SF during mouse embryogenesis. In: Goldberg ID (ed.) HGF/SF and the C-met receptor. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel
Soriano P (1994) Abnormal kidney development and hematological disorders in platelet derived growth factor β-receptor mutant mice. Genes Dev 8:1888–1896
Six R, Oliphant M, Grossman H (1975) A spectrum of renal tubule ectasia and hepatic fibrosis. Radiology 117:117–122
Spear GS (1964) The glomerulus in cyanotic congenital heart disease and primary pulmonary hypertension: a review. Nephron 1:238–248
Spranger J, Grimm B, Weiler M, Weissenbacher G, Hermann J, Gilbert E, Krepter R (1974) Short rib Polydactyly (SRP) syndromes. Z Kinderheilkd 116:73–94
Stapleton FB, Bernstein J, Koh G, Roy S III, Wilroy RS (1982) Cystic kidneys in a patient with oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1. Am J Kidney Dis 1:288–293
Swinford AE, Bernstein J, Toriello HV, Higgin SJV (1989) Renal tubular dysgenesis delayed onset of oligohydramnios. Am J Med Genet 32:127–132
Talvik T, Mikel’saar A-V, Mikel’saar R, Kaosaar M, Tuur S (1973) Inherited translocations in two families (t(14q+; 10q-) and t(13a-; 21a+)). Hum Genet 19:215–226
Taxy JB, Filmer RB (1976) Glomerulocystic disease. Report of a case. Arch Pathol 100:186–188
Vestweber D, Kemler R, Ekblom P (1985) Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin during kidney development. Dev Biol 112:213–221
Voland JR, Hawkins EP, Wells TR, Saunders B, Jones M, Benirschke K (1985) Congenital hydronephrotic nephromegaly with tubular dysgenesis: a distinctive inherited renal anomaly. Pediatr Pathol 4:231–245
Ward CJ, Turley H, Ong ACM et al. (1996) Polycystin, the polycystic kidney disease 1 protein, is expressed by epithelial cells in fetal, adult and polycystic kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1524–1528
Wiedemann HR (1964) Complex malformatif familiale avec hernie ombilicale et macroglossie, un syndrome nouveau? J Genet Hum 13:223–232
Wigger HJ, Blanc WA (1977) The prune belly syndrome. Pathol Annu 12:17–39
Winyard PJD, Bao Q, Hughes C, Woolf AS (1997) Epithelial galectin-3 during human nephrogenesis and childhood cystic diseases. JAm Soc Nephrol 8:1647–1657
Winyard PJD, Nauta J, Livenman DS et al. (1996a) Deregulation of cell survival in cystic and dysplastic renal development. Kidney Int 49:135–146
Winyard PJD, Risdon RA, Sams V, Dressler GR, Woolf AS (1996b) The PAX2 transcription factor is expressed in cystic and hyperproliferative dysplastic epithelia in human kidney malformations. J Clin Invest 98:451–459
Wigglesworth JS (1984) Perinatal pathology, Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 365–369
Woolf AS, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Hardman P et al. (1995) Roles of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and met in early development of metanephros. J Cell Biol 128:171–184
Young HH, McKay RW (1929) Congenital valvular obstruction of the prostatic urethra. Surg Gynecol Obstet 48:509–535
Zerres K, Mucher G, Bachner L et al. (1994) Mapping of the gene for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) to chromosome 6p21-cent. Nature Genet 7:429–432
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Risdon, R.A. (2001). The Urinary System. In: Keeling, J.W. (eds) Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3682-8_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3682-8_19
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3684-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3682-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive