Abstract
Several skin manifestations have been described in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) (Table 6.1) [1–3]. The most frequent skin lesions are livedo reticularis and skin ulcers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Battagliotti CA. Sindrome de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos. In: Battagliotti C, Greca A et al, editors. Temas seleccionados de terapéutica clinica. UNR Editora. 1996; 328–334.
Alegre VA, Gastineau DA, Winkelmann RK. Skin lesions associated with circulating lupus anticoagulant. Br J Dermatol 1989; 120: 419–429.
Gibson GE, Daniel Su WP, Pittelkow MR. Antiphospholipid syndrome and the skin. J. Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36: 970–982.
Tajima C, Suzuki Y, Mizushima Y, Ichikawa Y. Clinical significance of immunoglobulin A apl. Possible association with skin manifestations and small vessel vasculitis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 1730–1736.
Naldi L, Locati F, Marchesi L et al. Cutaneous manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with suspected primary APS: a case control study. Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52: 219–222.
Eng AM. Cutaneous expressions of antiphospholipid syndromes. Semin Thromb Hemost 1994; 20: 71–78.
Asherson RA, Mayou SC, Merry P et al. The spectrum of livedo reticularis and anticardiolipin antibodies. Br J Dermatol 1989; 120: 215–221.
Weinstein C, Miller MH, Axtens R et al. Livedo reticularis associated with increased titers of anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1987; 123: 596–600.
Sneddon JB. Cerebrovascular lesions and livedo reticularis. Br J Dermatol 1965; 77: 180–185.
Martínez Hernandez PL, Lopez Guzman A, Espinosa Arranz E, Monereo Alonso A, Arnalich Fernandez F. Sindrome de Sneddon: valor diagnostico de los anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos. Rev Clin Esp 1991; 189: 272–274.
Tourbach A, Piette JC, Iba-Zizen MT, Lyon-Caen O, Godeau P, Francés C. The natural course of cerebral lesion in Sneddon syndrome. Arch Neurol 1997; 54: 53–60.
Stephens CJM. Sneddon’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992; 10: 489–492.
Macario F, Macario MC, Ferro A, Goncalves F, Campos M, Marques A. Sneddon’s syndrome: a vascular systemic disease with kidney involvement? Nephron 1997; 75: 94–97.
Ohtani H, Imai H, Yasuda T et al. A combination of livedo racemosa, occlusion of cerebral blood vessels and nephropathy: kidney involvement in Sneddon’s syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 1995; 26: 511–515.
Frances C, le Tonqueze M, Slohzin KV et al. Prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in patients with Sneddon’s syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 33; 64–68.
Rattan CE, Burton JL. Antiphospholipid syndrome and cutaneous vasoocclusive disorders. Semin Dermatol 1991; 10: 152–159.
Reyes E, Alarcon-Segovia D. Leg ulcers in the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Report of a case with a peculiar proliferative small vessel vasculopathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1991; 9: 63–66.
Leroux B, Baron E, Garrido G, Alonso A, Bergero A, Fernandez Bussy R. Vasculitis livedoide: nuestra experiencia. Dermatol Argent 1998; 2: 121–126.
Winkelman R, Schroeter A, Kierland R, Ryan T. Clinical studies of livedoid vasculitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 49: 746–750.
Kern A. Atrophie blanche. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982; 6: 1048–1053.
Stephansson EA, Niemp KM, Jouikainen T, Vaarala O, Polosue T. Lupus anticoagulant and skin. Acta Dermato Venereol 1991; 71: 416–422.
Hassan ML, Di Fabio NA, Martinez Aquino E, Schroh R, Kien C, Magnin PH. Vasculitis livedoide. Estudio clínico, histopatológico y laboratorial de 10 casos. Rev Arg Derm 1987; 68: 311–319.
Dodd HJ, Sarkany I, O’Shayghnessy D. Widespread cutaneous necrosis associated with lupus anticoagulant. Clin Exp Dermatol 1985; 10: 581–586.
Asherson RA, Jacobelli S, Rosemberg H, McKee P, Hughes GRV. Skin nodules and macules resembling vasculitis in the antiphospholipid syndrome–a report of two cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992; 17: 266–269.
Alegre VA, Winkelmann RK. Histopathologic and immunofluorescence study of skin lesions associated with circulating lupus anticoagulant. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 19; 117–124.
Martinovic Z, Perisic K, Pejnovic N, Lukacevic S, Rabrenovic L, Petrovic M. Antiphospholipid antibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Vojnosanit Pregl 1998; 55: 47–49.
Mevorach D, Goldberg Y, Gomori JM, Rachmilewitz D. Antiphospholipid syndrome manifested by stroke in a patient with Crohn’s disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1996; 22: 141–143.
Asherson RA, Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J, Lie JT, Burcoglu A et al. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Clinical and laboratory features of 50 patients. Medicine 1998; 77: 195–207.
Lockshin MD. Which patients with antiphospholipid antibody should be treated and how? Rheum Dis Clin NA 1993; 19: 235–251.
Derksen RH, De Groot PH, Kater L et al. Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thrombosis should receive lifelong anticoagulant treatment. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1992; 10: 662–668.
Khamashta MA, Cuadrado MJ, Mujic F, Taub NA, Hunt BJ, Hughes GRV. The management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 993–997.
Curwin J, Kyung Jang I, Fuster V. Expanded use of thrombolytic therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 1992; 332: 993–997.
Klein KL, Pittelkow MR. Tissue plasminogen activator for treatment of livedoid vasculitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1992; 67: 923–933.
Gertner E, Lie JT. Systemic therapy with fibrinolytic agents and heparin for recalcitrant nonhealing cutaneous ulcer in the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 2159–2161.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Battagliotti, C.A. (2000). Skin Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. In: Khamashta, M.A. (eds) Hughes Syndrome. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3666-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3666-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-232-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3666-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive