Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Care of the Critically Ill Patient pp 1091–1114Cite as

Accidental Hypothermia

  • Chapter

Abstract

Hypothermia is defined as a core temperature less than 35 °C. While the beneficial effects of induced hypothermia have several clinical applications [121], accidental hypothermia remains a common condition associated with a high mortality. Our understanding of its pathophysiology is mainly derived from induced hypothermia. Nevertheless, multiple interacting variables may contribute to the development of accidental hypothermia and disturb the pathophysiology. Much of the literature has involved selected small groups. Differences in patient status, complicating diseases, rate and mode of cooling have resulted in variable interpretations. The most controversial aspect remains the treatment and particularly the method of re warming. However, numerous excellent recent reviews have clarified the topic [27,38,39, 53,64,66,90,133,136]. Here, we only consider accidental hypothermia in adults.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Althaus U, Aeberhard P, Schupbach P, Nachbur BH, Muhlemann W (1982) Management of profound accidental hypothermia with cardiorespiratory arrest. Ann Surg 195: 492–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson S, Herbring BG, Widman B (1970) Accidental profound hypothermia: Case report. Br Anaesth 42: 653–655

    Google Scholar 

  3. Austin WH, Lacombe EH, Rand PW (1964) Correction of PC02 in hypothermia. J Appi Physiol 19: 893–895

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Azancot I, Dessange JF, Lemaigre D (1976) Evolution de la consommation d’oxygène et de la différence artério-veineuse au cours des hypothermies profondes expérimentales brèves et prolongées. CR Soc Biol (Paris) 170: 1166–1172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Berne RM (1954) Myocardial function in severe hypothermia. Cire Res 2: 90–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Blair E, Esmond WG, Attar S, Cowley RA (1964) The effect of hypothermia on lung function. Ann Surg 160: 814–823

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Boutelier C, Timbal J, Colin] (1974) Echanges thermiques et réactions physiologiques à l’immersion en eau froide. Rev Med Clin 40: 2631–2638

    Google Scholar 

  8. Boylan JW, Suk Ki Hong (1966) Regulation of renal function in hypothermia. Am J Physiol 211: 1371–1378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. British Medical Journal (1964) Dangers of cold immersion. Br Med J i: 1202

    Google Scholar 

  10. British Medical Journal (1977) The old in the cold. Br Med J i: 336

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chinard FP (1979) Hypothermia treatment needs controlled studies. Ann Intern Med 90: 990–991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Collins KJ, Dore C, Exton-Smith AN, Fox RH, Mac- Donald IC, Woodward PM (1977) Accidental hypothermia and impaired temperature homeostasis in the elderly. Br Med J i: 353–356

    Google Scholar 

  13. Coopwood TB, Kennedy JH (1970) Accidental hypothermia. Cryobiology 7: 243–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Couraboeuf E, Weidmann S (1954) Temperature effects on the electrical activity of Purkinje fibres. Helv Physiol Pharmacol Acta 12: 32–41

    Google Scholar 

  15. D’Amato HE (1954) Thiocyanate space and distribution of water in musculature of hypothermic dogs. Am J Physiol 178: 143–147

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. D’Amato HE, Hegnauer AH (1953) Blood volume in hypothermic dogs. Am J Physiol 173: 100–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Danzl DF, Pozos RS, Auerbach PS, Glazer S, Goetz W, Johnson E, Jui J, Lilja P, Marx JA, Miller J, Mills W Jr, Nowak R, Shields R, Vicario S, Wayne M (1987) Multi- center hypothermia survey. Ann Emerg Med 16: 1042–1055

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Davies DM, Millar EJ, Miller IA (1967) Accidental hy-pothermia treated by extra-corporeal blood rewarming. Lancet i: 1036–1037

    Google Scholar 

  19. Deal CW, Warden JC, Monk I (1970) Effects of hypothermia on lung compliance. Thorax 25: 105–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dominguez de Villota E, Barat G, Peral P, Juffe A, Fernandez de Miguel JM, Avello F (1973) Recovery from profound hypothermia with cardiac arrest after immersion. Br Med J 4: 394–395

    Google Scholar 

  21. Duguid H, Simpson RG, Stowers JM (1961) Accidental hypothermia. Lancet ii: 1213–1219

    Google Scholar 

  22. Emslie-Smith D (1958) Accidental hypothermia: a common condition with a pathognomonic electrocardiogram. Lancet ii: 492–495

    Google Scholar 

  23. Easterbrook PJ, Davis HP (1985) Thrombocytopenia in hypothermia: A common but poorly recognised com-plication. Br Med J 291: 23

    Google Scholar 

  24. Fedor Ej, Fisher B (1959) Simultaneous determination of blood volume with 51Cr and 1824T during hypothermia and rewarming. Am J Physiol 196: 703–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fell RH, Gunning AJ, Bardhan KD, Triger DR (1968) Severe hypothermia as a result of barbiturate overdose complicated by cardiac arrest. Lancet i: 392–394

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fernandez JP, O’Rourke RA, Ewy GA (1970) Rapid active external rewarming in accidental hypothermia. JAMA 212: 153–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fisher B, Fedor EJ, Lee SH (1958) Rewarming following hypothermia of two to twelve hours: Some metabolic effects. Ann Surg 148: 32–36

    Google Scholar 

  28. Fitzgerald FT, Jessop C (1982) Accidental hypothermia: A report of 22 cases and review of the literature. Adv Intern Med 27: 127–150

    Google Scholar 

  29. Frank DH, Robson MC (1980) Accidental hypothermia treated without mortality. Surg Gynecol Obstet 151: 379–381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Freeman J, Pugh LGCE (1969) Hypothermia in mountain accidents. Int Anesthesiol Clin 7: 997–1007

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fruehan AE (1960) Accidental hypothermia. Arch Intern Med 106: 218–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gibbs DH (1985) Inhibition of corticotropin release during hypothermia: the role of corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin, and oxytocin. Endocrinology 116: 723–727

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gil-Rodriguez JA, O’Gorman P (1970) Renal function during profound hypothermia. Br J Anaesth 42: 557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Godeau P, Michaud A, Siguier F (1962) Hypothermie accidentelle réversible à 22 °C: Mort subite 3 mois plus tard. Coeur Méd Intern 1: 497–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Golden F StC, Rivers JF (1975) The immersion incident. Anaesthesia 30: 364–373

    Google Scholar 

  36. Gregory RT, Patton JF (1972) Treatment after exposure to cold. Lancet i: 377

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hansen JE, Sue DY (1980) Should blood gas measurements be corrected for the patient’s temperature? N Engl J Med 303: 341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Harari A, Regnier B, Rapin M, Lemaire F, Legall JR (1975) Haemodynamic study of prolonged deep accidental hypothermia. Eur J Intensive Care Med 1: 65–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Harnett RM, Pruitt JR, Sias FR (1983a) A review of the literature concerning resuscitation from hypothermia. The problem and general approaches. Aviat Space Environ Med 54: 425–434

    Google Scholar 

  40. Harnett RM, Pruitt JR, Sias FR (1983b) A review of the literature concerning resuscitation from hypothermia. II. Selected rewarming protocols. Aviat Space Environ Med 54: 487–495

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hauty MG, Esrig BC, Hill JG, Long WB (1987) Prognostic factors in severe accidental hypothermia: Experience from the Mt Hood tragedy. J Trauma 27: 1107–1112

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hayward JS, Eckerson JD, Kemna D (1984) Thermal and cardiovascular changes during three methods of resuscitation from mild hypothermia. Resuscitation 11: 21–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hedley-Whyte J, Pontoppidan H, Lauer MB, Hallowel P, Bendixen HH (1965) Arterial oxygenation during hypothermia. Anesthesiology 26: 595–602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Henneman DH, Bunker JP, Brewster WR (1958) Immediate metabolic response to hypothermia in man. J Appl Physiol 12: 164–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hervey GR (1973) Hypothermia. Proc R Soc Med 66: 1053–1057

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jessen K, Hagelsten JO (1978) Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of profound accidental hypothermia. Aviat Space Environ Med 49: 426–429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Joyner RW (1981) Temperature effects on neuronal elements. Fed Proc 40: 2814–2818

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Justin-Besancon L, Pequignot H, Etienne JP (1958) Un cas de réfrigération à 23.5° suivi de guérison. Sem Hôp Paris 34: 63–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Justin-Besancon J, Pequignot H, Etienne JP, Laurent D (1958) Les modifications de l’électrocardiogramme au cours des hypothermies spontanées. Sem Hôp Paris 34: 84–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kayser C, Hiebel G (1953) La “caractéristique de température” ou “l’incrément thermique critique” de la fréquence cardiaque et de la vitesse de conduction intra- cardiaque au cours de l’hypothermic expérimentale prof onde du rat blanc curarisé. CR Soc Biol (París) 147: 1626–1633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Keatinge WR (1969) Survival in cold water: the physiology and treatment of immersion hypothermia and drowning. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kelman GR, Nunn JF (1966) Nomograms for correction of blood P02/ PC02/ pH and base excess for time and temperature? J Appl Physiol 21: 1484–1490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kreger BE, Craven DE, McCabe WR (1980) Gram- negative bacteremia. IV. Reevaluation of clinical features and treatment in 612 patients. Am J Med 68: 344–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kugelberg J, Schueler H, Berg B, Kalium B (1967) Treatment of accidental hypothermia. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1: 142–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lancet (1972) Severe accidental hypothermia (Leading article). Lancet i: 237

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lash RF, Burdette JA, Ozoil T (1967) Accidental profound hypothermia and barbiturate intoxication. JAMA 210: 269–270

    Google Scholar 

  57. Laufman H (1951) Profound accidental hypothermia. JAMA 147: 1201–1212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ledingham IM, Mone JG (1980) Treatment of accidental hypothermia: a prospective clinical study. Br Med J i: 1102–1105

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lee HA, Ames AC (1965) Haemodialysis in severe barbiturate poisoning. Br Med J i: 1217–1219

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lewinn S, Brettman LR, Holzman RS (1981) Infections in hypothermic patients. Arch Intern Med 141: 920–925

    Google Scholar 

  61. Linton AL, Ledhingham I McA (1966) Severe hypothermia with barbiturate intoxication. Lancet i: 24–26

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lloyd EL (1973) Accidental hypothermia treated by central rewarming through the airway. Br J Anaesth 45: 41–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lloyd EL (1979) Treatment of accidental hypothermia. Br Med J 278: 413–414

    Google Scholar 

  64. Lloyd EL, Frankland JC (1974) Accidental hypothermia: central rewarming in the field. Br Med J iv: 717

    Google Scholar 

  65. Looning PE, Skulberg A, Abyholm F (1986) Accidental hypothermia. Review of the literature. Acta Anaesth Scand 30: 601–613

    Google Scholar 

  66. Luna GK, Maier RV, Pavlin EG, Anardi D, Copass MK, Oreskovich MR (1987) Incidence and effect of hypothermia in seriously injured patients. J Trauma 27: 1014–1018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. MacLean D (1986) Emergency management of accidental hypothermia: A review. J R Soc Med 79: 528–531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. MacLean D, Emslie-Smith D (1977) Accidental hypothermia, 1st edn. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  69. MacLean D, Griffiths PO, Emslie-Smith D (1968) Serum-enzymes in relation to electrocardiographic changes in accidental hypothermia. Lancet ii: 1266–1270

    Google Scholar 

  70. MacLean D, Murison J, Griffiths PO (1973) Acue pancreatitis and diabetic ketoacidosis in accidental hypothermia and hypothermic myxoedema. Br Med J 4: 757–761

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Malmejcac J (1956) Incidences physiopathologiques cardiaques et nerveuses de l’hypothermie provoquée. CR Acad Sci [D] (Paris) 242: 311

    Google Scholar 

  72. Maresca L, Vasko JS (1987) Treatment of hypothermia by extracorporeal circulation and internal rewarming. J Trauma 27: 89–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. McKean WI, Dixon SR, Gwynne JF, Ivine ROH (1970) Renal failure after accidental hypothermia. Br Med J 2: 463–464

    Google Scholar 

  74. McNicol MW (1967) Respiratory failure and acid-base status in hypothermia. Postgrad Med J 43: 674–676

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. McNicol MW, Smith R (1964) Accidental hypothermia. Br Med J 1: 19–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Meriwether WD, Goodman RM (1972) Severe accidental hypothermia with survival after rewarming. Am J Med 53: 505–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Miles JM, Thompson GR (1987) Treatment of severe accidental hypothermia using the Clinitron bed. Anaesthesia 42: 415–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Miller JW, Danzl DF, Thomas DM (1980) Urban accidental hypothermia: 135 cases. Ann Emerg Med 9: 456–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Moss JF, Haklin M, Southwick HW, Roseman DR (1986) A model for the treatment of accidental hypothermia. J Trauma 26: 68–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Motin J, Bouletreau P, Petit P, Latarjet J (1973) L’hypothermie accidentelle au cours des intoxications par les neuroleptiques et les tranquillisants. Lyon Méd 230: 53–62

    Google Scholar 

  81. Moyer JH, Morris GC, Debakey ME (1957) Effect of hypothermia on renal hemodynamics and on excretion of water and electrolytes in dog and man. Ann Surg 145: 26–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Murray BJ (1981) Severe lactic acidosis and hypothermia. West J Med 134: 162–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Niazi SA, Lewis FJ (1958) Profound hypothermia in man. Ann Surg 147: 264–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Nicolas G, Bounour JB, Heurtel A, Godin JF, Nicolas F (1971) Intérêt des données hémodynamiques dans la surveillance et la réanimation des hypothermies accidentelles. Rev Méd Suisse Romande 91: 707–720

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Nicolas F, Nicolas G, Heurtel A, Baron D, Rodineau P, De Lajartre AY (1974) Vingt-quatre observations d’hypothermies accidentelles. Anesth Analg (Paris) 31: 485–538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. O’Keefe KM (1977) Accidental hypothermia: A review of 62 cases. JACEP 6: 491–496

    Google Scholar 

  87. Osborn JJ (1953) Experimental hypothermia: Respiratory and blood pH changes in relation to cardiac function. Am J Physiol 175: 389–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Osborne L, Kamal El-Din AS, Smith JE (1984) Survival after prolonged cardiac arrest and accidental hypothermia. Br Med J 289: 881–882

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Otis AB, Jude J (1957) Effect of body temperature on pulmonary gas exchanges. Am J Physiol 188: 355–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Pagni CA, Courjon J (1964) Electroencephalographic modifications induced by moderate and deep hypothermia in man. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] (Wien) XIII: 35–49

    Google Scholar 

  91. Paton BC (1983) Accidental hypothermia. Pharmacol Ther 22: 331–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Philiipson EA, Herbert FA (1967) Accidental exposure to freezing: Clinical and laboratory observations during convalescence from near-fatal hypothermia. Can Med Assoc J 97: 786–792

    Google Scholar 

  93. Pickering BG, Bristow GK, Craig DB (1977) Core rewarming by peritoneal irrigation in accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest. Anesth Analg (Cleve) 56: 574–577

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Pina-Cabral JM, Amaral I, Pinto MM, Guerra E, Paz LH (1973/1974) Haemostasis 2: 235–244

    Google Scholar 

  95. Popovic VP, Kent KM (1965) Cardiovascular responses in prolonged hypothermia. Am J Physiol 209: 1069–1074

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Prakash O, Jonson B, Meij S, Hugenholtz PG, Hekman W (1978) Cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of profound hypothermia. Crit Care Med 6: 165–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Prescott LF, Peard MC, Wallace IR (1962) Accidental hypothermia, a common condition. Br Med J 2: 1367–1370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Pugh LGCE (1966) Accidental hypothermia in walkers, climbers and campers. (Report to the Medical Commission on accident prevention.) Br Med J i: 123–129

    Google Scholar 

  99. Rango N (1984) Exposure-related hypothermia mortality in the United States, 1970–1979. Am J Public Health 74: 1159–1160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Rankin AC, Rae AP (1984) Cardiac arrhythmias during rewarming of patients with accidental hypothermia. Br Med J 289: 874–877

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Read AE, Emslie-Smith D, Gough KR, Holmes R (1961) Pancreatitis and accidental hypothermia. Lancet ii: 1219–1221

    Google Scholar 

  102. Regnier B, Harari A, Azancot I (1973) Hypothermies accidentelles de l’adulte. In: Réanimation et médecine d’urgence. Expansion Scientifique, Paris, pp 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Reissmann KR, Kapoor S (1956) Dynamics of hypothermie heart muscle. Am J Physiol 184: 162–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Reuler JB (1978) Hypothermia: Pathophysiology, clinical settings, and management. Ann Intern Med 89: 519–527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Roily G, Malcolm-Thomas B (1970) Mesures de con-sommation d’oxygène au cours de l’hypothermie modérée. Anesth Analg Réanim (Paris) 27: 321–329

    Google Scholar 

  106. Rosenfeld JB (1963) Acid-base and electrolyte disturbance in hypothermia. Am J Cardiol 12: 678–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Rosenthal TB (1948) The effect of temperature on the pH of blood and plasma in vitro. J Biol Chem 173: 25–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Rosin AJ, Exton-Smith AN (1964) Clinical features of accidental hypothermia. Br Med J i: 16–20

    Google Scholar 

  109. Rosomoff HL (1964) Pathophysiology of the central nervous system during hypothermia. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] (Wien) XIII:11 —13

    Google Scholar 

  110. Savard GK, Cooper KE, Veale WL, Malkinson TJ (1985) Peripheral blood flow during rewarming from mild hypothermia in humans. J Appl Physiol 58: 4–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Sechissler P, Parker MA, Scott SJ (1981) Profound hypothermia:Value of prolonged cardiopulmonary re-suscitation. South Med J 74: 474–477

    Google Scholar 

  112. Sechzer PH (1958) Effect of hypothermia on compliance and resistance of the lung thorax system of anesthetized man. J Appl Physiol 13: 53–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Segar WE (1958) Effect of hypothermia on tubular transport mechanisms. Am] Physiol 195: 91–96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Severinghaus JW (1950) Respiration and hypothermia. Ann NY Acad Sci 80: 384–394

    Google Scholar 

  115. Severinghaus JW (1958) Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve correction for temperature and pH variation in human blood. J Appl Physiol 12: 485–486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Shanks CA, Sara CA (1972) Temperature monitoring of the humidifier during treatment of hypothermia. Med J Aust 2: 1351–1352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Siebke N, Brivik H, Rod T, Lind Djorn (1975) Survival after 40 minutes submersion without sequelae. Lancet i: 1275–1277

    Google Scholar 

  118. Southwick FS, Dalglish PH Jr (1980) Recovery after prolonged asystolic cardiac arrest in profound hypothermia: A case report and literature review. JAMA 243: 1250–1253

    Google Scholar 

  119. Splittberger FH, Talbert JG, Sweezer WP, Wilson RF (1986) Partial cardiopulmonary bypass for core rewarming in profound accidental hypothermia. Am Surg 52: 407–412

    Google Scholar 

  120. Steen PA, Milde JH, Michenfelder JD (1980) The detrimental effects of prolonged hypothermia and rewarming in the dogs. Anesthesiology 52: 224–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Stoner HB, Frayn KN, Little RA, Threlfall CJ, Yates DW, Barton RN, Heath DF (1980) Metabolic aspects of hypothermia in the elderly. Clin Sci 59: 19–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Svanes K, Zweifach BW, Intaglietta M (1970) Effect of hypothermia on transcapillary fluid exchange. Am J Physiol 218: 981–989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Swan H (1973) Clinical hypothermia: A lady with a past and some promise for the future. Surgery 73: 736–758

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Templeton GH, Wildenthal K, Willerson IT, Reardon WC (1974) Influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of cardiac muscle. Circ Res 34: 624–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Thauer R (1965) The circulation in hypothermia of nonhibernating animals and men. In: Hamilton WF, Dow P (eds) Handbook of physiology. Circulation, vol III. American Physiological Society, Washington, chap 54, pp 1899–1920

    Google Scholar 

  126. Thauer R (1965) Circulatory adjustments to climatic requirements. In: Hamilton WF, Dow P (eds) Handbook of physiology. Circulation, vol III. American Physiological Society, Washington, chap 55, pp 1921–1966

    Google Scholar 

  127. Tolman KG, Cohen A (1970) Accidental hypothermia. Can Med Assoc J 103: 1357–1361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Towne WD, Geiss WP, Yanes HO, Rahimtoola SH (1972) Intractable ventricular fibrillation associated with profound accidental hypothermia: Successful treatment with partial cardiopulmonary bypass. N Engl J Med 287: 1135–1136

    Google Scholar 

  129. Truscott DG, Firor WB, Clein LJ (1973) Accidental profound hypothermia: Successful resuscitation by core rewarming and assisted circulation. Arch Surg 106: 216–218

    Google Scholar 

  130. Valeri CR, Cassidy G, Khuri S, Feingold H, Ragno G, Altschule MD (1987) Hypothermia-induced reversible platelet dysfunction. Ann Surg 205: 175–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Welton DE, Mattox KL, Miller RR, Petmecky FF (1978) Treatment of profound hypothermia. JAMA 240: 2291–2292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Weyman AE, Greenbaum DM, Grace WJ (1974) Accidental hypothermia in alcoholic population. Am J Med 56: 13–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. White JD (1982) Hypothermia: The Bellevue experience. Ann Emerg Med 11: 417–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Wickstrom P, Ruiz E, Lilja GP, Hinterkopf JP, Haglin JJ (1976) Accidental hypothermia: Core rewarming with partial bypass. Am J Surg 131: 622–625

    Google Scholar 

  135. Wong KC (1983) Physiology and pharmacology of hy-pothermia. West J Med 138: 227–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Yoshihara H, Yamamoto T, Mihara H (1985) Changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis occurring in dogs during hypothermia. Thromb Res 37: 503–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Young RSK, Zalneraitis EL, Dooling EC (1980) Neurological outcome in cold water drowning. JAMA 244: 1233–1235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Zell SC, Kurtz KJ (1985) Severe exposure hypothermia: A resuscitation protocol. Ann Emerg Med 14: 339–345

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. P. Cantineau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Regnier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of London, London WC1, UK

    Jack Tinker BSc, FRCP, FRCS, DIC (Dean of Postgraduate Medicine, Honorary Consultant Physician) (Dean of Postgraduate Medicine, Honorary Consultant Physician)

  2. The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, UK

    Jack Tinker BSc, FRCP, FRCS, DIC (Dean of Postgraduate Medicine, Honorary Consultant Physician) (Dean of Postgraduate Medicine, Honorary Consultant Physician)

  3. Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Warren M. Zapol MD (Professor of Anaesthesia) (Professor of Anaesthesia)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cantineau, J.P., Regnier, B. (1992). Accidental Hypothermia. In: Tinker, J., Zapol, W.M. (eds) Care of the Critically Ill Patient. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3400-8_64

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3400-8_64

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3402-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3400-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation