Skip to main content

Spinal Modulation of Noxious Stimuli

  • Chapter
Book cover Diseases of the Spinal Cord

Part of the book series: Clinical Medicine and the Nervous System ((CLIN.MED.NERV.))

  • 171 Accesses

Abstract

Pain is an imprecise symptom that achieves recognition as a percept within the mind. The central appreciation of pain involves the cerebral cortex, and probably also the lower end of the thalamus and upper end of the midbrain. There are both an organic component — an unpleasant experience primarily associated with physical damage and often described in terms relating to injury (Merskey and Spear 1967) — and a psychological component as interpretation takes place only in the mind, and the information recorded there is entirely personal, a private matter that cannot be shared by anyone else or described in terms that mean the same thing to another person (Mehta 1973). It is learnt from childhood onwards and the expression of that symptom is often governed by memory of previous occasions when it occurred.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ames D (1984) Self-shooting of a phantom head. Br J Psychiatry 145:193–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barron DH, Matthews BHC (1935) Intermittent conduction in the spinal cord. J Physiol (Lond) 85:73–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barron DH, Matthews BHC (1938) The interpretation of potential changes in the spinal cord. J Physiol (Lond) 92:272–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell C (1811) Idea of a new anatomy of the brain. Strahan and Preston, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender MB (1945) Extinction and precipitation of cutaneous sensation. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 54:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger M, Gerstenbrand R (1981) Phantom illusions with spinal cord lesions. In: Siegfried I, Zimmerman M (eds) Phantom and stump pain. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 66–73

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Boss E (1951) Phantom limbs of patients after spinal cord injury. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 66: 610–631

    Google Scholar 

  • British Medical Journal (1971) Causalgia. Br Med J i:64 (leading article)

    Google Scholar 

  • British Medical Journal (1978) The gate control theory of pain. Br Med J ii:586–587 (leading article)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlen PL, Wall PD, Nadvoma H, Steinbeck T (1978) Phantom limbs and related phenomena in recent traumatic amputations. Neurology 28:211–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RN, Benedetti I (1977) Analgesia following transcutaneous electrical stimulation and its partial reversal by a narcotic antagonist. Life Sci 21:1645–1648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charpentier J (1968) Analysis and measurement of pain in animals: a new conception of pain. In: Soulairac A, Cahn J, Charpentier J (eds) Pain. Proc Int Symposium on Pain, Paris, 1967. Academic Press, London and New York, pp 171–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Coggeshall RE, Applebaum ML, Fazen M, Stubbs TB, Sykes MT (1975) A review of the Bell-Magendie hypothesis. Brain 98:157–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dehen H, Wilier JC, Cambier J (1979) Congenital indifference to pain and endogenous morphinelike system. In: Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds) Advances in pain research and therapy, vol 3. Raven Press, New York, pp 553–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown D, Kirk EJ, Yanagisawa N (1973) The tract of Lissauer in relation to sensory transmission in the dorsal horn of spinal cord in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 151: 175–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dimond SJ (1980) Neuropsychology. Butterworths, London, pp 520–521

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas WW, Ritchie JM (1957) Non-medullated fibres in the saphenous nerve which signal touch. J Physiol (Lond) 139:385–399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frederiks JAM (1980) Phantom limb and phantom limb pain. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology 45. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 395–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman AH, Nashold BS (1986) DREZ lesions for relief of pain related to spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 65:465–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerard RW (1951) A new theory of causalgic pain. Anesthesiology 12:1–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haigler HJ (1987) Neurophysiological effects of opiates in the CNS. Monogr Neurolog Soc 13:132–160

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecaen H, de Ajurriaguerra J (1952) Méconnaissance et hallucinations corporelles. Masson et Cie, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Henson RA (1949) On thalamic dysaesthesiae and their suppression by bilateral stimulation. Brain 72:576–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffert MJ (1989) The neurophysiology of pain. Neurolog Clin 7:183–204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hongo T, Jankowska E, Lundberg A (1968) Postsynaptic excitation and inhibition for primary afferents in neurons of the spinocervieal tract. J Physiol (Lond) 199:569–592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iggo A (1965) The peripheral mechanisms of cutaneous sensation. In: Curtis DR, Mclntyre AK (eds) Studies in physiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 92–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Jankovic J, Glass JP (1985) Metoclopramide-induced phantom dyskinesia. Neurology 35:432–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keele CA, Armstrong D (1964) Substances producing pain and itch. Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroner K, Krebs B, Skov J, Jorgensen HS (1989) Immediate and long-term phantom breast syndrome after mastectomy: incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-mastectomy breast pain. Pain 36:327–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lele PP, Weddell G (1956) The relationship between neurohistology and corneal sensibility. Brain 79:119–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston WK (1943) Pain mechanisms. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Loh L, Nathan PW (1978) Painful peripheral states and sympathetic blocks. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 41:664–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magendie F (1822) Experiences sur les fonctions des racines des nerfs rachidiens. J Physiol Exp 2:276–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Maher RM (1955) Relief of pain in incurable cancer. Lancet 1:18–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews BHC (1934) Impulses leaving the spinal cord by dorsal roots. J Physiol (Lond) 81:29–31P

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer DJ, Price DD, Rafii A (1977) Antagonism of acupuncture analgesia in man by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. Brain Res 121:368–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMurray GA (1975) Theories of pain and congenital universal insensitivity to pain. Can J Psychol 29:302–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta M (1973) Intractable pain. Saunders, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Melzack R (1972) Mechanisms of pathological pain. In: Critchley M, O’Leary JL, Jennett B (eds) Scientific foundations of neurology. Heinemann, London, pp 153–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Melzack R (1989) Phantom limbs, the self and the brain. DO Hebb Memorial Lecture. Can Psychol 30:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack R, Loeser JD (1978) Phantom body pain in paraplegics: evidence for a central “pattern generating mechanism” for pain. Pain 4:195–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack R, Wall PD (1965) Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 150:971–979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merskey H, Spear FG (1967) Pain: psychological and psychiatric aspects. Ballière Tindall, Cassell, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell SW, Morehouse GR, Keen WW (1864) Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathan PW (1976) The gate-control theory of pain: a critical review. Brain 99:123–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noordenbos W (1959) Pain. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Obersteiner H (1882) On allochiria, a peculiar sensory disorder. Brain 4:153–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveras JL, Redjemi JM, Guilbaud G, Liebeskind JC (1974) Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence of pain inhibition from midbrain stimulation in the cat. Exper Brain Res 20:32–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osuntokua BO, Odeku EL, Luzzato L (1968) Congenital pain asymbolia and auditory imperception. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 31:291–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portenoy RK (1989) Mechanisms of clinical pain: observations and speculations. Neurolog Clin 7:205–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riddoch G (1941) Phantom limbs and body schema. Brain 64:197–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rivers WHR, Head H (1908) A human experiment in nerve division. Brain 31:323–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell WR (1970) Neurological sequelae of amputation. Br J Hosp Med 4:607–609

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmel ML (1956) On phantom limbs. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 75:637–647

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmel ML (1962) Phantom experiences following amputation in childhood. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 25:69–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair D (1981) Mechanisms of cutaneous sensation. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson AG, Buchan GC, Alvord EC (1965) Anatomic changes in congenital insensitivity to pain. Am Med Assoc Arch Neurol 12:12–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet WH, Wepsic JG (1974) Stimulation of the posterior columns of the spinal cord for pain control: indications, technique and results. Clin Neurosurg 21:278–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes MT, Coggeshall RE (1973) Unmyelinated fibres in the human L4 and L5 ventral roots. Brain Res 63:490–495

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Symonds CP (1931) The physiology of painful sensation. Lancet 2:723–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thrush DC (1973) Congenital insensitivity to pain — a clinical, genetic and neurophysiological study of four children from the same family. Brain 96:369–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wall PD (1959) Repetitive discharge of neurones. J Neurophysiol 22:305–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wall PD (1962) The origin of a spinal cord slow potential. J Physiol (Lond) 164:508–526

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wall PD (1978) The gate control theory of pain mechanisms — a re-examination and a restatement. Brain 101:1–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weddell G, Sinclair D (1947) Pins and needles, observations on some of the sensations aroused in a limb by the application of pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 10:26–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Critchley, E.M.R., Isaac, M.T. (1992). Spinal Modulation of Noxious Stimuli. In: Critchley, E., Eisen, A. (eds) Diseases of the Spinal Cord. Clinical Medicine and the Nervous System. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3353-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3353-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3355-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3353-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics