Skip to main content

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Nonaccidental Injury

  • Chapter
Paediatric Pathology

Abstract

In Great Britain, about half the deaths occurring in infants between the ages of 1 week and 2 years take place outside hospital, and for this reason might be termed unexpected. The majority are reported to have had no symptoms or only trivial common symptoms such as the majority of infants exhibit at some time with no serious sequelae. In a small proportion of these infants necropsy examination will reveal the cause of death, such as an undiagnosed congenital malformation, often of the cardiovascular system, or a serious acute infective illness, such as meningitis, where a fatal outcome is to be expected in a proportion of cases. In a further group of infants, perhaps a third of the total number, evidence of disease will be present but this will not be of sufficient severity or of a type to account for death. In the remainder no disease process is recognized, although the organs of some infants may have nonspecific histological abnormalities. In a small group there are no abnormal findings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

A. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

  • Arias-Stella J (1969) Human carotid body at high altitudes. Am J Pathol 55: 82a

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckwith JB (1970) Introduction: Discussion of terminology. In: Bergman AB, Beckwith JB, Ray CG (eds) Sudden infant death syndrome. University of Washington Press, Washington DC, p 18

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodian M, Heslop B (1960) Sudden infant death syndrome. In: Siim J-C (ed) Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Paediatrics, Basel, 1956. Williams and Wilkins, Copenhagen, p 91

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron AH, Asher P (1965) Cot deaths in Birmingham 1958–61.Med SciLaw 5: 187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter RG (1965) Sudden death in twins. Rep Public Health. Med Subj 113: 51

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter RG (1972) Epidemiology. In: Camps FE, Carpenter RG (eds) Sudden and unexpected deaths in infancy. Wright, Bristol, p 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter RG, Emery JL (1977) Final results of a study of infants at risk of sudden death. Nature 268: 724

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter RG, Gardner A, McWeeny PM, Emery JL (1977) Multistage scoring system for identifying infants at risk of unexpected death. Arch Dis Child 52: 606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll GJ (1974) Sudden deaths in infants. J Pediatr 45: 401

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinsdale F, Emery JL, Gadsdon DR (1977) The carotid body—aquantitative assessment in children. Histopathology 1: 179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downham MAPS (1977)Newcastle survey of deaths in early childhood 1974/76, with special reference to sudden unexpected deaths. Arch Dis Child 52: 828

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery JL, Dinsdale F (1974) Increased incidence of lymphoreti-cular aggregates in lungs of children found unexpectedly dead. Arch Dis Child 49: 107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emery JL, Dinsdale F (1978) Structure of peri-adrenal brown fat in childhood in both expected and cot deaths. Arch Dis Child 53: 154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedrick J (1974) Sudden unexpected death in infants in the Oxford Record Linkage Area. Br J Prev Soc Med 28: 164 Fink BR, Beckwith JB (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Laryngeal mucous gland excess in victims of sudden infant death. Am J Dis Child 134: 144

    Google Scholar 

  • Froggatt P, Lynas MA, MacKenzie G (1971) Epidemiology of sudden unexpected death in infants (’cot death’) in Northern Ireland. Br J Prev Soc Med 25: 119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gadsdon DR, Emery JL (1976) Fatty change in perinatal and unexpected death. Arch Dis Child 51: 42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunther M (1966) Cot deaths; anaphylastic reaction after intrauterine infection as another potential cause. Lancet 1: 912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heaton JM (1972) The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. J Anat 112: 35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houstek J, Benesova D, Holy J (1959) Sudden death among children of the Prague district 1956–58. Cask Pediatr 14: 590

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James TN (1968) Sudden death in babies: new observation in the heart. Am J Cardiol 22: 479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson P, Robinson JS, Salisbury D (1972) The onset and control of breathing after birth in foetal and neonatal physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeton BR, Southall E, Rutter N, Anderson RG, Shinebourne EA, Southall DP (1977) Cardiac conduction disorders in six infants with ‘near miss’ sudden infant deaths. Br Med 511: 600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly Dorothy H, Walker AM, Cahen Lucienne, Shannon DC (1980) Periodic breathing in siblings of sudden infant death syndrome victims. Pediatrics 66: 515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendeel SR, Ferris JAJ (1977) Apparent hypoxic changes in pulmonary arterioles and small arteries in infancy. J Clin Pathol 30: 481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kukolich MK, Telsey A, Olt J, Motulsky AG (1977) Sudden infant death syndrome: normal QT interval on ECGs of relatives. Pediatrics 60: 51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laidler P, Kay JM (1975) A quantitative morphological study of the carotid bodies of rats living at a simulated altitude of 4300 metres. J Pathol 117: 183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maresch W (1961) Sudden death in childhood. Praxis 50: 804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maron BJ, Fisher RS (1977) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): cardiac pathological observations in infants with SIDS. Am Heart J 93: 762

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maron BJ, Clark CE, Goldstein RE, Epstein SE (1976) Potential role of QT interval prolongation in sudden infant death syndrome. Circulation 54: 423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milner AD, Saunders RA, Hopkin IE (1977) Apnoea induced by airflow obstruction. Arch Dis Child 52: 379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeye RL (1973) Pulmonary artery abnormalities in the sudden-infant-death syndrome. N Engl J Med 289: 1167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeye RL (1974) SIDS—evidence of antecedent chronic hypoxia and hypoxemia in SIDS 1974. In: Robinson RR (ed) Proceedings of the Frances E Camps International Symposium on Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Infancy. Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths, Toronto, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Naeye RL (1976) Brain-stem and adrenal abnormalities in the sudden-infant-death syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol 66: 526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeye RL (1977) Placental abnormalities in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. Biol Neonate 32: 189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards IDG, Macintosh HT (1972) Confidential enquiry into 226 consecutive infant deaths. Arch Dis Child 47: 697

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selwyn S, Bain AD (1963) Deaths in childhood due to infection. Br JPrev Soc Med 19: 123

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon DC, Kelly DH, O’Connell K (1977) Abnormal regulations of ventilation in infants at risk for sudden-infant-death syndrome. N Engl J Med 297: 747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Southall DP, Orrell MJ, Talbot JF, Brinton RJ, Vulliamy DG, Johnson AM, Keeton BR, Anderson RH, Shinebourne EA (1977) Study of cardiac arrhythmias and other forms of conduction abnormality in newborn infants. Br Med J 11: 597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele R, Langworth JT (1966) The relationship of antenatal and postnatal factors to sudden unexpected death in infancy. Can Med Ass J 94: 1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinschneider A (1972) Prolonged apnoea and the sudden infant death syndrome: clinical and laboratory observations. Pediatrics 50: 646

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takashima S. Armstrong D. Becker LE, Huber J (1978) Cerebral white matter lesions in sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics 62: 155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teplitz C, Lim YC (1974) The diagnostic significance of diffuse brown adipose tissue (B.A.T.). Transformation of adult periadrenal fat: a morphologic indicator of severe chronic hypoxemia. Lab Invest 30: 390

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdes-Dapena M (1963) Sudden and unexpected death in infants. The scope of our ignorance. Pediatr Clin North Am 10: 693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valdes-Dapena MA (1967) Sudden and unexpected death in infancy: A review of the world literature 1954–1966. Pediatrics 39: 123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valdes-Dapena MA (1977) Sudden unexplained infant death, 1970 through 1975: An evolution in understanding. Pathol Annu 12: 117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valdes-Dapena MA (1980) Sudden infant death syndrome: A review of the medical literature 1974–1979. Pediatrics 66: 597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolley PV (1945) Mechanical suffocation during infancy. Relation to total problem of sudden death. J Pediatr 26: 572

    Article  Google Scholar 

B. Nonaccidental Injury

  • Arthur U, Moncrieff MW, Milburn W, Bayliss PS, Heath J (1976) Non-accidental injury in children: what we do in Derby. Br Med J i: 1363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caffey J (1946) Multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic subdural haematoma. Am J Roentgenol 56: 163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caffey J (1957) Some traumatic lesions in growing bones other than fractures and dislocations: clinical and radiological features. Br J Radiol 30: 225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron JM (1972) The battered baby syndrome. Practitioner 209: 302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron JM, Johnson HRM, Camps FE (1966) The battered child syndrome. Med Sci Law 6: 2

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camps FE (1969) Injuries sustained by children from violence. In: Recent advances in forensic pathology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London, chap. 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper C (1975) The doctor’s dilemma—a paediatricians view. In: Franklin AW (ed) Concerning child abuse. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London, p 21

    Google Scholar 

  • Gil DG (1969) Physical abuse of children. Findings and implications of a nationwide survey. Paediatrics 44: 857

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths D, Moynihan FJ (1963) Multiple epiphyseal injuries in babies (`Battered baby’ syndrome). Br Med J ii: 1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubbauer HM, Schwarz R (1980) Peritoneal dialysis in alcohol intoxication in a child. Arch Toxicol (Berl) 43: 317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall MH (1975) A view from the emergency and accident department. In: Franklin AW (ed) Concerning child abuse. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London, p 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Keen JH, Lendrum J, Wolmon B (1975) Inflicted burns and scalds in children. Br Med J iv: 268

    Google Scholar 

  • Kempe CH (1971) Paediatric implications of the battered baby syndrome. Arch Dis Child 46: 28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kempe CH, Silverman FN, Steele BF, Droegemueller W, Silver HK (1962) The battered child syndrome. JAMA 181: 17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauer B, Brock ET, Grossman M (1974) Battered child syndrome: review of 130 patients with controls. Paediatrics 54: 67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macauley RAA, Mason JK (1977) Violence in the home. In: Mason JK (ed) The pathology of violent injury. Arnold, London, p 218

    Google Scholar 

  • Mushin AS (1971) Ocular damage in the battered baby syndrome. Br Med J iii: 402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon J, Pearn J (1977) Non-accidental immersion in bath-water: another aspect of child abuse. Br Med J i: 271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts IF, West RJ, Ogilvie D, Dillon MJ (1979) Malnutrition in infants receiving cult diets: a form of child abuse. Br Med J i: 296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers D, Tripp J, Bentovim A, Robinson A, Berry D, Goulding R (1976) Nonaccidental poisoning: an extended syndrome of child abuse. Br Med J i: 793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman FN (1953) The roentgen manifestations of unrec- ognised skeletal trauma in infants. Am J Roentgenol 69: 413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson K (1973) Child abuse—the battered baby. In: Mant AK (ed) Modern trends in forensic medicine, vol 3. Butterworths, London Boston, Mass, chap. 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Sims BG, Grant JH, Cameron JM (1973) Bite marks in the `battered baby syndrome’. Med Sci Law 13: 207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, SM, Hanson R (1974)134 battered children: a medical and psychological study. Br Med J ii: 666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb J, Cooper C, Jackson H, Kelvin I, Roycroft B, Wilson D (1973) Nonaccidental injury in children. Br Med J iv: 657

    Google Scholar 

  • West S (1888) Acute periosteal swellings in several young infants of the same family, probably rickety in nature. Br Med J i: 856

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keeling, J.W. (1981). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Nonaccidental Injury. In: Berry, C.L. (eds) Paediatric Pathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3304-9_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3304-9_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3306-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3304-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics